A blended ferrocyanide print process

Andrew O'Neill

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Trisodium Citrate instead of Sodium Citrate in the developer?

Edit: I checked on Google, and apparently, they are sort of the same?
 

koraks

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Edit: I checked on Google, and apparently, they are sort of the same?
They are; citric acid is a trivalent acid, meaning it can deprotonate three times. To make up for the loss of those protons, three electrons need to be borrowed from somewhere. Since sodium can share only one, it takes three sodiums to get the job done. Hence, the stable salt of citrate and sodium will always have these constituents in a 1:3 ratio.
 

fgorga

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This is not quite correct. All four forms (i.e. the fully protonated acid, the mono-anion, the di-anion and the tri-anion) of the citric acid can exist in aqueous (water) solution. The exact mix of the various species will depend on the pH.

(The monosodium and disodium salts are also available as solids but usually at much greater cost than either the acid or the trisodium coupounds.)

Shown below is the structure of the fully protonated citric acid; the acidic protons are indicated by the red arrows. The graph to the right of the structure shows the relative amounts of each of the four forms as a function of pH.

Thus if the pH of the desired solution is critical then the difference between using citric acid and trisodium citrate will be important. Using trisodium citrate will yield a solution with a higher pH than one made using citric acid. This difference may or may not be important depending on the application.

Additionally, if the concentration of citrate is important then one must take into account the fact that the molar mass of citric acid (192 g/mol) is significantly less that the molar mass of trisodium citrate (258g/mol); both masses cited are for the anhydrous compounds, adjust as appropriate for hydration (+18 per water).

For the removal of carbonate 'buffer' from paper you definitely want to use citric acid not the trisodium salt. The concentration for this application is not particularly critical except for the fact that a more concentrated solution will have a higher capacity (i.e. will neutralize more paper) than less concentrated solution.

Having no experience with this printing process, I can't say if the difference between citric acid and the indicated trisodium citrate in the developer is critical for this application.

 
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Hi Andrew, Trisodium Citrate is what I use for making the developer. It is the most commonly used form of Sodium Citrate and is easily available. If it is not available to you for any reason, please don't spend money on the more expensive forms. You can synthesise by reacting Citric Acid with Sodium Bicarbonate.
 
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