Whether this works will most likely depend on whether the film advance drives the takeup spool and lets the film drive the sprocket, or (like a Contax II or III, or Kiev 4) the advance drives both. The advance stop and counter are always operated from the sprocket (up until an IR LED and detector counted sprockets in the last decade of film camera development); if the only driver for the sprocket is the film, you won't get anywhere running 16mm film through a 35mm camera.
One could, as suggested, use a 35mm strip as backing, but that'll make the combination too thick, leading to scratching (pressure plate pushing the film against the gate) or other problems (not least, takeup diameter build-up that may lead to conflict between the spool drive and sprocket). I don't really see the advantage of running 16mm film through a 35mm camera anyway...