Every measurement has noise. Every instrument has limits. Every model is an approximation. Every inference is probabilistic, not absolute. Sometimes small errors and variances cancel each other. Sometimes they compliment each other. ISO speed is the mean of multiple samples.
From ISO 6, 6.2 - ISO speed of a product. "The ISO speed of a product (as distinguished from that of a specific sample) shall be based on the arithmetic mean of the values of log10 Hm, determined from various batches of the product when selected, stored and tested as specified above."
It goes on to state, "Since ISO speed is dependent on the exposing and processing conditions, these should be indicated when quoting ISO speed values." The same principle should apply to any stated exposure index: the EI is inseparable from the method used to derive it. Without the accompanying information—testing procedure, development conditions, and evaluation criteria—the number itself has little relevance. It becomes an isolated result that cannot be compared, reproduced, or interpreted with any confidence.”