Spectral sensitizing dyes

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Hexavalent

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Now, as to the question, the dyes adsorb at their preferred ratio if you add them to the emulsion. Since you stir, the dye is distributed and used up at the proper amount for each grain size. ...

And, I would add that your method would work if there was an excess of dye, but you would also change the vAg of the emulsion thereby changing its surface adsorption characteristics. It would therefor cause some sort of secondary problem IMHO.

PE

I was wondering about this myself, and thought that post-dye washing might lead to a whole new set of variables. There IS a method to the madness :wink:
 
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PE,
Sorry about the dye/pigment confusion. Must have head in two different places at once. "Back in the day" I worked with pigments, not dyes.
Bil
 

Hologram

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If a diffraction grating is used in the design of a recording spectrograph, then care does have to be taken to eliminate 2nd order diffractions so that they do not show up when trying to measure a 1st order diffration. The second order pattern will be at 1/2 the wavelength of the 1st order, and when trying to record wide ranges of wavelengths, it can be a big problem.

It's not an issue if a prism is used.


It's not an issue either if a thick (holographic) grating is used that largely suppresses higher diffraction orders.
 

Kirk Keyes

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It's not an issue either if a thick (holographic) grating is used that largely suppresses higher diffraction orders.

Are you sure? diffraction orders are part of the nature of diffration gratings. It's the overlap between the 1st order and 2nd order that comes into play when trying to record a wide range of wavelengths. If you are trying to measure upto 900 nm in the IR with a 1st order diffraction, the second order diffractio for 900 nm will start to overlap at 900/2= 450 nm, which is where you are trying to record blue wavelengths.

We don't even have to worry about 3rd and 4th order diffrations, as they will overlap starting at 300 nm and 225 nm respectively.
 
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03910 and 03930 look like possible candidates. Look for structures like those but with less steric hindrance.

PE
 
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Hello Ron and All,
Recently, I have been working with an emulsion that is higher in I:Br ratio than I have worked with previously. As I have written here befor, I work with Ron's suggestion of DSA3057 (red senisitizer due to J aggrigates) and SDE 3008(green sensitizer). By total accident, I have found that the SDE3008 is acting as both a green and red sensitizer. Also the degree of sensitivity to all 3 colors is very even. There are several differences between this emulsion and what I have worked on befor. And, like all of my emulsions, it uses silane treated PVA instead of gelatin. But the latter could NOT be the reason for the accidental Red sensitivity, as I have been working with silane treated PVA emulsion almost as long as I have been working with emulsions.
There is another R&G sensitizer , or so I am told, that I will also be trying
I have slowed down lately and will be taking a "leave of absense" from "wet work" for 6-8 weeks due to upcoming surgery. But right now, I am taking the above emulsion, which I HAVE been able to replicate and scale up, and try to improve the coating chracteristics. As of now, containing no sufactant at all, it leaves random craters when coated onto very clean glass.
Best of luck to you all,
Bill
 
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Thanks for the update Bill. The behavior that you see is not unusual. It is probably due to Iodide concentration on the different grains, or on the absolute concentration. If it is the latter, then the sensitivity will gradually shift towards being all red if you up the concentration slightly. But, OTOH, either mechanism is ok. It really does not matter. Repeatable success is what counts.

Best wishes on the surgery and may your recovery be swift and complete.

PE
 
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Examples

Thanks,PE-Here are two examples. When you judge the coating quality, please remember that I am working in total darkness with only a cheap night vision monicle to see with. I cannot realy see my coating until after the fix. The glass plates were exposed at f11 for 1 and 10 seconds.
 

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Thanks Bil.

Who am I to complain. I hide all of my bad coatings in a big big box. :wink: Believe me, I know how hard it is.

PE
 
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Final Update Until June

Hello to PE and All,
I have compleated my last evaluation of my current batch of panchro emulsion until I have recovered from my upcoming surgery sufficiently to move around and lift things.
My last experiment was to add O.5 M% of formalin to the the emulsion. As I have observed befor, by adding formalin to my type of emulsion, based on silane functional PVA instead of gelatin, the formalin produced two benifits. First, it caused the emulsion to coat more smoothly. The craters I observe without it are greatly reduced. Secondly, fogging is greatly reduced. I have observed the latter time after time with the type of of emulsions I am making. I do not pretend to know the reasons why. But it works. I would bet my left little toe on it. Glyoxal is more tricky. I avoid it since I once crosslinked one of my emulsions immediately upon adding the glyoxal.
When I get back to wet work, there are 2 more things that I need to do befor I begin using this emulsion to produce in camera color seps.-A, I must reduce the alcohol precipitations from 2 to 1. My emulsion,after re-uptake in water, was too thin. So I did a second alcohol precipitation being more careful to press out and drain as much water as I possibly could. The second re-uptake required a higher temperature, giving rise to more foging. 2- I would like to replace SDE 3008 with a cheaper sensitizer. There are many green sensitizers that cost far less than $600/gram+convenience fee.
In late May-June, I will return to this work and eventualy post the formula and procedure here.
Bill
 
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Best wishes Bill;

Some comments might be of interest.

Formalin usually causes an increase in fog. It is a reducing agent. Formalin may be reducing defects due to some surfactant property or just by dilution and lowering viscosity. Or it may slightly increase viscosity at the edges of defects and pull them together through a change in surface tension.

Anyhow, just thoughts.

PE
 
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Yes PE,
The Formalin vs. fog thing is a mystery. Maybe the surface tension change you mentiond might somehow inhibit foging. I just DK.
I test my emulsions for fog by developing in D19. This developer is an agressive, high contrast developer and will usualy produce more fog than other developers.
BILL
 

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Here are some recent resources I've found regarding spectral sensitizing, from the holography folks.

http://holoforum.org/forum/viewtopic.php?f=9&t=494
http://holoforum.org/oldforum/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=6540
http://holoforum.org/oldforum/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=3808&sid=4597f1b2162a370bf0d1e5f1831248b9

Apparently these are sensitizing dyes as well. Possibly very expensive(?, not sure...)
http://www.organica.de/en/Products/49,Functional_Dyes

Very interesting opportunity to get pinacyanol chloride
http://www.9000shops.com/holodye/index.html

via Jeff Blyth
http://cabd0.tripod.com/holograms/index.html

And haven't even read this, but it looks interesting...
The Action of Optical Sensitizers on the Photographic Plate, G. Kornfeld. Kodak Research Laboratories, Rochester, New York. Received May 25, 1938.
http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=9565&page=97
 
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I want to ask everyone a basic question , Why anybody does not use original Kodak,Ilford,Fuji or others technology to sensitize their emulsions ? I saw PE had posted a list also .
I think someone could buy a good amount of sensitizer which had been produced for EFKE, Foma.
I dont think EFKE invest Kodak money to the chemicals in Croatia , they might have a local source !
There are thousands of patents waits to be analyzed in Europe and US also.
That is handwaving but I start to research from poorer manufacturers , Russian and East Europe and China.
Chris , invest your time in www.alibaba.com. China is very cheap to find chemicals.

Umut
 

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Umut,

When you reference "original...technology", what era of emulsion making are you thinking of? In the beginning, there was no sensitization. That was followed by red food coloring, and then a fast-moving wave of chemicals that came and went -- with slight variations among Kodak, Ilford, and Agfa. (Fuji: I don't know much about.) Anyway, I don't think procuring sensitizing chemistry that would have been familiar to emulsion makers in the 1920s is much of a problem. I'm using a number of them.

d
 

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Denise, would you be interested in a spectrosensitometer? Bill? That is... if I theoretically had one to offer? :joyful:

I really do think that such an instrument could be cobbled together with a little bit of effort. This might be a project that I'd be able to work on in the relatively near future (winter). I'm thinking about something made out of foam-core to begin with, but a prototype could lead to something made of wood.

It might not be perfect, but I think it might be more useful and easier to interpret than shots of color charts.

If there's any interest on that front, let's discuss it over here -> (there was a url link here which no longer exists)
 
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Cyanine - First dye from PE's list

3B Pharmachem (Wuhan) International Co.,Ltd. 86-21-50328103 * 801、803、804、807 Mobile:18930552037
86-21-50328109 shanghai@3bsc.com CHINA catalog number :16038
storage temp. : 0-6°C

: a cyanine dye derived from lepidine and used for sensitizing photographic emulsions to infrared rays

Umut
 
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1,1 diethyl 11 4 quinolyl ethiodide 4,4 dicarbocyanine iodide PE's List Second Dye

CBNumber: CB6336808
Chemical Name: 1,1'-DIETHYL-4,4'-DICARBOCYANINE IODIDE
Molecular Formula: C27H27IN2
Formula Weight: 506.42

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1,1 diethyl 2,2 dicarbocyanine iodide /// 3th dye from PE's list

CB8200059
Chemical Name: 1,1'-DIETHYL-2,2'-DICARBOCYANINE IODIDE
Molecular Formula: C27H27IN2
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Cryptocyanine, Kryptocyanine PE's List Fourth dye

4727-50-8.gif CB4433150
Chemical Name: CRYPTOCYANINE
Molecular Formula: C25H25IN2
Formula Weight: 480.38
CAS No.: 4727-50-8

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DICYANINE A /// PE's List 5th Dye

CB9700112
Chemical Name: DICYANINE A
Molecular Formula: C31H37IN2O2
Formula Weight: 596.54
CAS No.: 20591-23-5

20591-23-5.gif

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6,6 diethoxy 1,1 diethyl 2,4 dimethyl 2,4 carbocyanine iodide

PE , What is the molecular formula of 6,6 diethoxy 1,1 diethyl 2,4 dimethyl 2,4 carbocyanine iodide ?

Umut
 
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