Is there a method for testing chemicals for validity prior to using the chemicals? The idea of loosing film roll(s) during development due to "stale" chemicals sounds like russian roulette to me. Am I missing something obvious?
You can test whether or not the developer is completely dead by grabbing a piece of film leader (so it's been fully exposed to room light), developing it, and then fixing it. If the developer worked, the fixer should not clear the image.
But this test will not tell you if the developer is partially dead. For that, the only test that I can think of is to designate a sacrificial roll of film and develop it properly: Grab a roll of film, put it in your camera, and spend all 36 shots on the exact same test scene. Then store that somewhere safe. When you want to test a developer, go to a dark room or use a dark bag, grab about 2 inches of film, put it in your Patterson or Jobo tank, and develop it normally. If the developer is still good, you will see your test scene. For extra points, develop the scene when you first open the developer and save it so you have a stable point of comparison.
EDIT:
For what it's worth, I don't do any of this myself. I have three film developers: Two that have long shelf lives (PC-TEA and Rodinal) and one that I make myself in small batches that I know I will use quickly (D-23).
I believe most developers will "warn" you when they're going bad because the Dmax decreases gradually. But that's not true for all developers. XTOL is infamous for its "sudden death syndrome".