Grain clumping, a controversial issue

Brentwood Kebab!

A
Brentwood Kebab!

  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
Summer Lady

A
Summer Lady

  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
DINO Acting Up !

A
DINO Acting Up !

  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
What Have They Seen?

A
What Have They Seen?

  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
Lady With Attitude !

A
Lady With Attitude !

  • 0
  • 0
  • 0

Recent Classifieds

Forum statistics

Threads
198,755
Messages
2,780,465
Members
99,698
Latest member
Fedia
Recent bookmarks
0
Status
Not open for further replies.
OP
OP
Photo Engineer

Photo Engineer

Subscriber
Joined
Apr 19, 2005
Messages
29,018
Location
Rochester, NY
Format
Multi Format
Ian;

I know both of them personally. I have not spoken with them in years though.

However, if you could scan in or quote the article I would appreciate seeing it. I never heard of it before and I have read most of their recent published articles.

PE
 

Tim Gray

Member
Joined
Sep 2, 2006
Messages
1,882
Location
OH
Format
35mm
How do we know whether there's any disruption to the Gelatin ? You or I haven't looked through a microscope. It's 35 yeras since I last used an electron microscope :D

That's my WHOLE issue with this discussion. Has anybody done this? I don't think Bernhard J or any of the other photographers who have been cited as saying this is the cause of the increase in apparent grain have done this. So it's just a theory as to what is really causing the effect. It has yet to be validated or invalidated.

I *think* that is what some of the others are objecting too. I'm not sure though.
 

Ian Grant

Subscriber
Joined
Aug 2, 2004
Messages
23,262
Location
West Midland
Format
Multi Format
Ian;

I know both of them personally. I have not spoken with them in years though.

However, if you could scan in or quote the article I would appreciate seeing it. I never heard of it before and I have read most of their recent published articles.

PE

I'm waiting for the full article to be emailed, I only had a email message about its existence an hour ago.

It was available on-line 2003/4 but it's not now.

I'm being so obdurate because I'm so certain of what I've seen first hand, also what I've read later backs up what I've seen 100%.

Between us Greg Davis and myself will get some negatives together, Greg's the independent one, and we'll see how current emulsions fare, but we can't test all variables..

However if we show there's extremes then perhaps others can see what the thresholds are for film/dev and the rest of the cycle temperature variations are.

Ian
 
Last edited by a moderator:
OP
OP
Photo Engineer

Photo Engineer

Subscriber
Joined
Apr 19, 2005
Messages
29,018
Location
Rochester, NY
Format
Multi Format
That's all right. I found it..... Jan-Feb 2008, P 10

Quoting.....

"Detailed rationals of clummping describe how individual emulsion grains swim together in the emulsion to form clumps (doesn't happen), others claim the origin in development by products.......... (doesn't happen).... Still others confuse extreme graininess with reticulation (an altogether different "dry lake bed" effect resulting from temperature shock between solutions that shatters the gel matrix)."

He dispels all of these in his article and ends by saying..

"The grain in Spain (and everywhere else) falls mainly like rain."

His explanation is that we see clumps due to random distributions of grains that differ from film to film, pretty much as I stated in the OP.

Sorry guys, no such thing as grain clumping and reticulation is just relegated to the sidelines as a totally different effect. Thanks Ian for an excellent reference. Dick BTW, published a huge series on grain and sharpness in articles from 2002 - 2008 and which I spent about 15 minutes finding. His comments fully support what I have been saying!

PE
 

Ian Grant

Subscriber
Joined
Aug 2, 2004
Messages
23,262
Location
West Midland
Format
Multi Format
That's all right. I found it..... Jan-Feb 2008, P 10

Quoting.....

"Detailed rationals of clummping describe how individual emulsion grains swim together in the emulsion to form clumps (doesn't happen), others claim the origin in development by products.......... (doesn't happen).... Still others confuse extreme graininess with reticulation (an altogether different "dry lake bed" effect resulting from temperature shock between solutions that shatters the gel matrix)."

He dispels all of these in his article and ends by saying..

"The grain in Spain (and everywhere else) falls mainly like rain."

His explanation is that we see clumps due to random distributions of grains that differ from film to film, pretty much as I stated in the OP.

Sorry guys, no such thing as grain clumping and reticulation is just relegated to the sidelines as a totally different effect. Thanks Ian for an excellent reference. Dick BTW, published a huge series on grain and sharpness in articles from 2002 - 2008 and which I spent about 15 minutes finding. His comments fully support what I have been saying!

PE

I've no idea what you've been reading now.

But you are not posting anything that's now related to this thread.

Ian
 
Last edited by a moderator:

holmburgers

Member
Joined
Aug 13, 2009
Messages
4,439
Location
Vienna, Austria
Format
Multi Format
I'm staying out of this... mainly because I have little to no idea what you guys are talking about. Something about JELL-O, right?
 
OP
OP
Photo Engineer

Photo Engineer

Subscriber
Joined
Apr 19, 2005
Messages
29,018
Location
Rochester, NY
Format
Multi Format
I posted a quote from Dick and Sylvia, entitled "Grain Clumping - Fact or Fable?" Their conclusions - Doesn't happen!

(note their parenthetical comments in the quote)

PE
 

Mark Antony

Member
Joined
Mar 27, 2007
Messages
789
Location
East Anglia,
Format
Multi Format
Who said gelatin separates from the base ? Only you above.

Ian

Ian that's what reticulation is! It's not my definition, it comes from just about every paper I have here all mentions of reticulation state it is a massive disruption laterally in the emulsion.
So one more time:
The separation of the base and the emulsion, the emulsion moves in a LATERAL direction.
Here from The Theory of the Photographic Process page 53:

"Extreme differences in temperature produce a lateral swell and a formation of ridges and valleys in the gelatin. The phenomenon is caused by buckling when extreme swelling stresses are operating in the plane of the film causing the emulsion to partially separate from the base-this phenomenon is known as reticulation"

You obviously have made up your mind, but don't confuse yourself over what reticulation is-some reading is needed on your part.
 
OP
OP
Photo Engineer

Photo Engineer

Subscriber
Joined
Apr 19, 2005
Messages
29,018
Location
Rochester, NY
Format
Multi Format
Mark;

Ian didn't recognize the quote I made above from the article he professed to know was in support of his position. Maybe it was because the article in question refuted his position. In any case, D and Z refer to reticulation as the dry lake bed effect and totally refrain from any mention of micro reticulation. And, grain clumping does not happen!

PE
 

Ray Rogers

Member
Joined
Aug 27, 2005
Messages
1,543
Location
Earth
Format
Multi Format
I am with the joker, :tongue:,

xldude:
"If an emulsion reticulated it would stand to reason that it would "wrinkle" slightly. That is, as the emulsion pulls apart slightly it has to go somewhere, so it would go "upward", away from the base. It seems that would result in the crystals occupying a smaller area, as viewed through the negative. So reticulation on a micro scale could maybe cause a "clumping" effect. Possibly the slight "wrinkles" could cause viewing through part of them to be at a slight angle, increasing the density slightly.
Just some thoughts."

If the gelatin experiences localized constrctions, the strands of fiberous silver metal within those zones of affected gelatin may or may not move, and may or may not "clump".

I think it premature to make a final verdict yet.

Measurement and detailed observations need to be made before definitive opinions can be elevated to the level definitive fact.
 
OP
OP
Photo Engineer

Photo Engineer

Subscriber
Joined
Apr 19, 2005
Messages
29,018
Location
Rochester, NY
Format
Multi Format
Ray;

See the quote from Dave and Sylvia above. I think that you have missed a few points.

They dismiss micro reticulation which then relegates reticulation to a macro event. It therefore has a minor influence on grain.

PE
 

Ray Rogers

Member
Joined
Aug 27, 2005
Messages
1,543
Location
Earth
Format
Multi Format
Housekeeping

Ray wrote:
Ian,

Lets all have a look at that Darkroom article...
and, see if Mr. Susse provides any photographic samples for us.


Mr Susse didn't write the article.
Ian

I included that "..." and "and," to indicate a switch in articles :wink:;
as far as Susse goes, I meant to say "Lets all have a look at that
Susse article too... and see if Mr. Susse provides any photographic samples for us.

I never suspected he was the author of the Darkroom article.
Sorry for the confusion....
 
OP
OP
Photo Engineer

Photo Engineer

Subscriber
Joined
Apr 19, 2005
Messages
29,018
Location
Rochester, NY
Format
Multi Format
Ray;

I repeat, Dickerson and Zawadski were the authors of an article referred to by Ian and which actually refutes his entire premise.

Before you go on, look at my excerpt from their article.

PE
 

Ray Rogers

Member
Joined
Aug 27, 2005
Messages
1,543
Location
Earth
Format
Multi Format
Ray;

See the quote from Dave and Sylvia above. I think that you have missed a few points.

They dismiss micro reticulation which then relegates reticulation to a macro event. It therefore has a minor influence on grain.

PE

Do you mean
"Still others confuse extreme graininess with reticulation (an altogether different "dry lake bed" effect resulting from temperature shock between solutions that shatters the gel matrix)."

If so, No. Absolutely not.

Please give me the benefit of the doubt that I can tell the difference between regular "extreme graininess" from regular "reticulation".

I am quite sure what I have could easily be classified as "micro reticulation", but of course it could also be given a new name; this is indeed a new form of reticulation AFAIK. (Not being fully aware of all forms regular reticulation can take on, I hesitate to say it is truely new, but that is my gut feeling.) I wish we had access to Kodak's data base of images of reticulation, esp. with TMax400 before the switchover.
 
OP
OP
Photo Engineer

Photo Engineer

Subscriber
Joined
Apr 19, 2005
Messages
29,018
Location
Rochester, NY
Format
Multi Format
Ray;

On grain clumping, D and Z say ' Detailed rationals of clummping describe how individual emulsion grains swim together in the emulsion to form clumps (doesn't happen) " and they go on from there.

We often see what we want to see, but in this case things are unequivocal.

They dismiss micro reticulation without mention! There is no basis for any of this if you read D and Z.

PE
 

Ray Rogers

Member
Joined
Aug 27, 2005
Messages
1,543
Location
Earth
Format
Multi Format
Ray;

Dave and Sylvia...
dismiss micro reticulation which then relegates reticulation to a macro event.
It therefore has a minor influence on grain.

PE

So you envision the metal firmly attached to the base, like a boulder on the beach, impervious to the ebb and flow of the gelatin?

That certainly is possible, as I have seen some partial evidence like that, but on glass. I am not confident enough to say there is no movement of the metal when the gelatin shrinks around it, but I certainly can see it happening (or not happening, as the case may be).

In fact, the fogginess and "graininess" could be entirely from the micro reticulated gelatin and its effect on light.

Please keep in mind, while I don't accept "grain growth" or "clumping" as necessarily occurring, I do have samples of what I call "micro reticulation" - the term I give it for lack of a better one. Normal reticulation or not, there is something going on that differs from the pronounced ridges and valleys typical of reticulation patterns we are all familiar with.
 
Last edited by a moderator:
OP
OP
Photo Engineer

Photo Engineer

Subscriber
Joined
Apr 19, 2005
Messages
29,018
Location
Rochester, NY
Format
Multi Format
Ray;

Please read the OP. Ross proves that grain clumping cannot take place. D and Z confirm this, but I knew it as well!

PE
 

Ray Rogers

Member
Joined
Aug 27, 2005
Messages
1,543
Location
Earth
Format
Multi Format
Ray;

Please read the OP. Ross proves that grain clumping cannot take place. D and Z confirm this, but I knew it as well!

PE

Ok, I reread your OP.
I don't have much issue with what I read,
except your interpretation of photos 2 & 3 seem wrong to me;
you cite them as evidence that the grains

1. Dont move that much and
2. Don't clump.

To me, they show that
1. The grains move a LOT (right along wth the gelatin!) and
2. Clumping isn't a clear issue.

Also, we should keep in mind that (I am guessing) the exposures he looked at were isolated points and not exposures of much lateral spread - I don't know if that would affect movement or not but it might be of value to consider....

I am not a supporter of the clumping theory,
I have tried to stick with the term "graininess";
However, I do feel there is a micro reticulaton phenonmenom
that is at the root of this present controversy and whch has not recieved much (if any) recognition by the scientific community.

(again - I must empahsize, I have never seen Ian's examples nor he mine... I claim a similarity only based on his description of his observation compared to my memory of my observations. If you disregard the terminology involved,
they seem to be in perfect sync. )

------------------
 
Last edited by a moderator:

Ian Grant

Subscriber
Joined
Aug 2, 2004
Messages
23,262
Location
West Midland
Format
Multi Format
Mark;

Ian didn't recognize the quote I made above from the article he professed to know was in support of his position. Maybe it was because the article in question refuted his position. In any case, D and Z refer to reticulation as the dry lake bed effect and totally refrain from any mention of micro reticulation. And, grain clumping does not happen!

PE


As that's not the article I was referring to I really don't have a clue what on earth your trying to prove by your facetious posts.

Ian
 

Ian Grant

Subscriber
Joined
Aug 2, 2004
Messages
23,262
Location
West Midland
Format
Multi Format
So you envision the metal firmly attached to the base, like a boulder on the beach, impervious to the ebb and flow of the gelatin?

That certainly is possible, as I have seen some partial evidence like that, but on glass. I am not confident enough to say there is no movement of the metal when the gelatin shrinks around it, but I certainly can see it happening (or not happening, as the case may be).

In fact, the fogginess and "graininess" could be entirely from the micro reticulated gelatin and its effect on light.

Please keep in mind, while I don't accept "grain growth" or "clumping" as necessarily occurring, I do have samples of what I call "micro reticulation" - the term I give it for lack of a better one. Normal reticulation or not, there is something going on that differs from the pronounced ridges and valleys typical of reticulation patterns we are all familiar with.

Unlike Ron who's totally dismissive you're making s sense in your replies. That's because you've seen the problem first hand.

You'll note I've never used the term grain growth myself to describe the increased grain, although it's in some quotes.

The visual effects of micro reticulation are the appearance of increased grain, often slight but at it's worst excessive, there was some discussion on the issue of problems of unexpected grain with Tmax 400 & Xtol on this forum about 6 years ago.* They mirrored exactly what I've seen, and you've made similar posts to that effect in the past referring to post 2001 Tmax fims.

It appears to be caused by lateral stress, and lateral movement, in the emulsion. The effects can often be subtle but they do happen.

Richard* Henry, in his Book Controls in Black-and-White Photography, claimed to have de-bunked the grain clumping/micro reticulation myth, however he only tested one film emulsion, Tri-X in D76, and used a 3.3ºC (68º – 62º F) drop in temperature between developer and stop bath, so hardly conclusive of anything.

A 2005 Dick Dickerson & Sylvia Zawadzki article clears up the myth that developer temperature causes any increased graininess, which is not the issue here anyway as most of us already accept that, but it does indicate we need to look at what's actually happening to the emulsion layer to cause the increased graininess. I've never seen the 2008 article Ron's referring to.

However as Micro reticulation differs from full reticulation as referred to in "Still others confuse extreme graininess with reticulation (an altogether different "dry lake bed" effect resulting from temperature shock between solutions that shatters the gel matrix)." there's not a conflict, but they are accepting that extreme graininess can occur.

The problem is that not all films suffer from the problem , some are extremely robust, a few aren't.

Ian
 

Ray Rogers

Member
Joined
Aug 27, 2005
Messages
1,543
Location
Earth
Format
Multi Format
... this dog fight... They're having too much fun. The rest of us, maybe not so much.

Perhaps it's all a prequeal (or build up) to the great conference you guys were talking about having in the not too distant distant future....

:sideways:
 

Ray Rogers

Member
Joined
Aug 27, 2005
Messages
1,543
Location
Earth
Format
Multi Format
Theoretical Never Never Land

Expanding on the concept I mentioned earlier, only those silver particles that were actually attached to something, (either directly to the base or indirectly to each other), could probably remain stationary in an expanding or contracting ocean of gelatin... if they were isolated islands of metal strands (as depicted I believe in the Ross photomicrographs), they certainly should be expected to "go with the flow".

Otherwise I think we would have to invoke the presence of some strange stabilizing mechanism... I don't think "inertia" would be sufficient.
 

Mark Antony

Member
Joined
Mar 27, 2007
Messages
789
Location
East Anglia,
Format
Multi Format
Ray do you think the gelatin expands laterally (like with reticulation abnormal process) or parallel to the base? I think the movement is very slight unless the gelatin is ruptured. All data I have seen suggests normal gelatin swells like a sponge accepting fluids then during drying contracts, the grains themselves are kept in place by local hardening, that is they are coated with polymeric hardeners.

The thought of exposed grains wandering about in a 'ocean' of gelatin is pretty funny, if you think logically the migration of an exposed grains into an unexposed area would create quite a few statistical errors, making high quality photography almost impossible.

Going with the 'flow' would suggest that the movement of grains would be proportional to the expansion of the gelatin (with which I have no problem) but it is important to recognise that proportionately they have relatively fixed points-that is as the gelatin swells the grain will move but it will remain fixed WRT the body of the grain which will expand with it.

Grain does not migrate though gelatin.
 
Status
Not open for further replies.
Photrio.com contains affiliate links to products. We may receive a commission for purchases made through these links.
To read our full affiliate disclosure statement please click Here.

PHOTRIO PARTNERS EQUALLY FUNDING OUR COMMUNITY:



Ilford ADOX Freestyle Photographic Stearman Press Weldon Color Lab Blue Moon Camera & Machine
Top Bottom