As others have commented, the Ilford series of published formulas are probably as good as you can get, and have been time-tested by users across the board. ID-78 is an excellent neutral tone developer. In patents, I've come across various modifications, but they start involving compounds like diethylene glycol, etc.
If you want a 1+9 concentrate, it's hard to avoid using potassium salts. I don't think I've ever seen a concentrate for 10x and higher dilutions that uses sodium salts. Many even specify potassium sulfite, whereas Ian Grant's adaptation achieves it using Na2SO3.
Potassium carbonate is not that much more expensive. Considering that a kilogram of it is enough for maybe 50-60 L of working dilution developer, I don't think you should try to avoid it.
Edit: I looked up the formula for ID-78. Increasing the concentration of ingredients 2.5x will give you the 1+9 concentrate. This means you need 155g/L Na2CO3. Perhaps this will actually dissolve OK, but I have never tried this. Ian's formula calls for about 100g/L K2CO3. So a kilo will make 10L of 1+9 concentrate.