@itsdoable <snip>...
Let me try to summarize it for myself: the V-backs seem to have a small pin or switch on the adapter plate that is triggered mechanically by the Hasselblad V System camera when taking a picture, so the back wakes up and reacts.
Yes
But do I still need a cable connected to the shutter of the CF lens on a V-back? Is that the small connector on the lens?
And what exactly are X-sync and FP-sync and where are they located? The FP on the tiny plug on my lens used for flash light? I think I need a more concrete explanation here—maybe even with a few photos.
Yes, you still need a sync cable to the lens shutter.
X-sync closes when the shutter is completely open. Thus leaf shutters work at all shutter speeds because it always fully opens, where as focal plane shutters only are fully open at the X-sync speed and slower. X-sync is for electronic flash.
FP-sync (or M-sync for leaf shutters) are for flash bulbs, which need to be triggered before the shutter opens, as the flash bulbs take some time to light. Because Digital shutters need a sync signal before the shutter starts to open, the FP sync works on all focal plane shutters. Old Hasselblad C lenses had a switch for X-M sync on the lens, either works.
The confusing thing is that, if the entire sensor is under exposure when the digital sensor receives the trigger sync, the image is correctly recorded. This means the sensor is not being a trigger before the shutter opens, just when it's fully open. This is by design, so all modern X-sync'ed lenses work (since modern shutters don't have and FP or M sync). This is also why these backs only work at the X-sync speed of 1/90 and slower on the 2000 series Hasselblad with focal plane shutters (unless you modify them). On these cameras, you need to trigger the sensor before the shutter starts to open to get a proper image if you want focal plane shutter speeds faster than 1/90 sec.
There's more things to consider, as some backs don't need a wake-up, and some may need the latency setting changed. These will all be in the manual for the selected back.
One more question that is still on my mind: I think I’ve more or less settled on the Phase One P25 because it seems to offer the best price-to-performance ratio for me.
Is it dependent on old software that may no longer work on modern computers, or on things like FireWire? Or can it still be updated, maintained, and used properly with modern software on current machines?
That is really important to me—I don’t want to be locked into an outdated system and trapped in old hardware and software.
The P25 is a nice back. With a V body and back, you need a sync cable to the lens shutter, a CF card, and a working battery, and you can capture an image. The calibration doesn't even need to be current.
Firewire is for tethering, if you want that, you'll have to find compatible hardware. I have yet to tether mine (I'm planning to use the Firewire, a linux box and some 3rd party software from another user to update the calibration - some day).
The image files may need to have the file extensions re-named to be read by current raw processors (I think I rename them as .IIQ for the current Rawtherapee, I use to have to rename them .TIF for the older version of the software). I have that all scripted when I download the files, so it's transparent to me.
Make no mistake, these
are "outdated systems", but you can still use them on current computers. In North America, Capture Integration keeps some old hardware to calibrate and update these backs, you should be able to find someone in Europe (ie: like Phase One?) to do that. I like doing it myself, as that is part of the "fun".
You have access to a machine shop - I'm jealous! When I had access, I modified a lot of stuff. I'd probably try modifying a H or Mamiya back for Hasselblad V today...