Far better minds than mine have proposed a definition of art. Some ideas that have stuck in my limited consciousness are:
James Joyce, in
The Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man, has his lead character expound that art can defined by (crudely paraphrasing):
- The artist comes across something that causes him aesthetic arrest;
- He frames it and exhibits it;
- The work induces aesthetic arrest in the viewer.
Joseph Campbell in "The Power of Myth," continues in the Joycean vein, quoting:
"Proper art, of course, means art performing a function that is proper to art -
the kind of function only art can serve. And improper art is art in the service
of something else."
Where improper art is kinetic as it causes the viewer to desire, loath or act. Advertising comes to mind. Joyce labels all such art as pornography.
I feel this makes a good definition of art vis a vis photography. Photography is the art of framing -- framing something that causes the photographer aesthetic arrest, making an image of the scene, and then exhibiting the image -- thus provoking an aesthetic reaction in the viewer.
Art by this criteria must be intentional. A snapshot made to record an event is not art, no matter how it affects the viewer. The view from a scenic point in a national park is not art, no matter that it causes aesthetic arrest in the viewer. The creation of the scenic point, parking lot and all, however, is art.
Snapshots made as a record are not art; something is not art just because I, or someone else, says it is. If simple say-so counts then the concept of art becomes meaningless.
References:
An essay on aesthetic arrest:
http://www.meditation24-7.com/page29/page29.html
A good exposition on Joyce and Campbell:
https://www.abuildingroam.com/2010/07/examining-james-joycestephen-dedalus.html