Cadmium is a massive problem, particularly at the manufacturing stage where it might be handled in volume. Entire city blocks in this area, where there used to be paint factories using lead and cadmium pigments, are totally sealed off under concrete slabs, which it is illegal to even drill a hole into without a hazmat permit. I know artists whose health is ruined for life by carelessly tooling oil pigments containing these ingredients with their bare fingers. Any art product involving cadmium is now illegal to make in the EU, and the US is following suit. Ironically, there was a method of vacuum-deposition coating cadmium pigment with clear titanium which renders it inert to humans, developed in Germany, but since the raw material is banned, there is no way of marketing it. NiCad batteries are also slowly being phased out. The toning characteristics of certain classic black and white papers allegedly depended on a bit of cadmium in the emulsion, including Portriga.