There are a few different buttons on the EG&G.
These are the flash exposure times. The exponent -2 -3 -4 are 1/100th of a second, 1/1000th of a second and 1/10,000th of a second respectively.
1/100th second (the 10-2 setting) is the one designed for regular film tests. It's pretty bright so you need a neutral density or a physical filter. You can block the light with a piece of foil with stripes cut out of it... that's a physical filter. It would make sense to cut a piece of acrylic and glue foil to it and cut it to block the right amount of light (so it won't change much over time)...
But I use a piece of neutral density gelatin filter in the bottom of the well, I just checked it's about 1.84 density. This is good for a 100 ASA film. for a 400 ASA film I add another ND filter giving 0.6 density (2 stops) more blocking power.
As I said, the 10 -2 button gives you a flash of 1/100th second. I always use this for film because 1/100th is a good shutter speed.
One of the others is super bright and even though it's a short exposure time it can expose paper for a paper test... you just "ignore" the reciprocity for that situation.
Otherwise the other two buttons 10 -3 and 10 -4 are for "reciprocity studies" - unless you really want to study reciprocity you probably won't use them for that purpose.