Indeed, and as such, it prints at a lower contrast than a condenser setup with a collimated light source.
Sorry, no, backscatter has nothing to do with this. The amount of backscatter at the negative/film stage won't be different between a condenser vs. diffuser setup; the directionality will be different, but this doesn't matter since the backscatter is simply absorbed by the light source and/or surrounding parts. Moreover, it's the black parts of the negative that absorb light the most (so it would be less in the dark parts of the negative), although backscatter will generally be an interaction between the light and the film surface in which case it's the same regardless of negative density (which is transmissive density especially when looked at the film base side; you can verify this with any random negative).
Moreover, the backscatter effect doesn't do much, other than add a tiny bit of diffusion to a condenser setup (but it'll be insignificant). In a diffuser setup, it won't do anything at all. Backscatter at the paper plane does play a role, but again is no different between a condenser and diffuser setup and it's the reason why enlarger parts around the lens are generally matte black; it's to prevent this backscatter to project back onto the print, reducing contrast.
When it comes to the contrast characteristics of a Heiland head, it's no different than any other diffuse light source. What's different mostly is the wavelength of the light, which is narrow-band; for B&W this doesn't really matter, but for color work it's a significant factor.