Fluoride is ineffective in photographic systems AFAIK.
PE
PE
DIY C-41 Potassium Iodide
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If you look at that periodic table again, you will see that your list above is in incorrect order. It should be Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine and Iodine. Once you have that order correct, you also have their correct order of effect in photographic solutions. As PE already stated, Fluoride ions have little to no effect in photographic bathes. On a personal note, I would stay away (and by that I mean: far, far away) from anything which contains more than trace amounts of Fluoride. Fluoride, even if it doesn't do much to photographic emulsions, does very nasty things to your body.
Rudeolfus, Thanks for the clarification. I have no intention of bathing in the stuff but I do shower in fluoridated city water. Plus I drink it if all else fails! 
No comment on my suggestion about inert gas layered on a solution to keep out the dread oxygen?
No comment on my suggestion about inert gas layered on a solution to keep out the dread oxygen?
Rudeolfus, Thanks for the clarification. I have no intention of bathing in the stuff but I do shower in fluoridated city water. Plus I drink it if all else fails!
No comment on my suggestion about inert gas layered on a solution to keep out the dread oxygen?
General Jack D. Ripper: Mandrake, do you realize that in addition to fluoridating water, why, there are studies underway to fluoridate salt, flour, fruit juices, soup, sugar, milk... ice cream. Ice cream, Mandrake, children's ice cream.
Group Capt. Lionel Mandrake: [very nervous] Lord, Jack.
General Jack D. Ripper: You know when fluoridation first began?
Group Capt. Lionel Mandrake: I... no, no. I don't, Jack.
General Jack D. Ripper: Nineteen hundred and forty-six. 1946, Mandrake. How does that coincide with your post-war Commie conspiracy, huh? It's incredibly obvious, isn't it? A foreign substance is introduced into our precious bodily fluids without the knowledge of the individual. Certainly without any choice. That's the way your hard-core Commie works.
Let's meet again some sunny summer day!
danke mein Fuhrer
It will help, but won't make your liquids last forever. Most plastic containers slowly but surely let oxygen through their walls. I keep reading about certain plastic containers which are optimized for protection against oxygen diffusion, but all the containers I can get won't state a thing about this, and the recommended containers are out of my reach.
To give you a rough idea about the effectiveness of inert gas: Tetenal's BX-2 always lasted for >1 year (until all was used up) when I protected it with inert gas (Tetenal Protectan). When I neglected to put inert gas into Tetenal's BX-2 concentrate, it would last a bit less than a year. E6 FD, which I always protected with inert gas, would become visibly less active after about 1 1/2 years. This is, sad to say, not a very accurate assessment of the effect of inert gas, but that's what I have experienced. Based on this I'd say that inert gas will roughly double shelf life of your liquids, assuming that oxygen is the main actor limiting shelf life.
Good enough. I usually use glass for small bottles (and KI is a small bottle) but I know wine lovers don't expect the argon to keep a bottle good for that long. I know I could not.
PE, I still have Tom Lehrer's record with that refrain from the 1960's. On that record is a satirical song about film actors with aims to becoming important politicians and could you imagine someone like Ronald Reagan as President? Well, I mean .....
PE, I still have Tom Lehrer's record with that refrain from the 1960's. On that record is a satirical song about film actors with aims to becoming important politicians and could you imagine someone like Ronald Reagan as President? Well, I mean .....
Murray, I know it as the ending sequence from "Dr. Strangelove".
PE
PE
Ron, I recall it was "We'll meet again". I think the iodine connection is with dosing children after an a-bomb?
Rudeolfus, Lehrer didn't forget you.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Elements_(song)
Music by Gilbert and Sullivan - "the very model of a Modern Major-General"
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Elements_(song)
Music by Gilbert and Sullivan - "the very model of a Modern Major-General"
Oh, yes. However the song came from the movie.
PE
PE
Those living near nuclear reactors can still get KI pills. See http://www.nrc.gov/about-nrc/emerg-preparedness/about-emerg-preparedness/potassium-iodide-use.html
Well, Vera Lynn WWII - a bit (20 years) before Dr Strangelove to be pedantic. Tom Lehrer is credited with "We'll all go together" in 1959 so it should have been the finale of Dr Strangelove as much more appropriate.
Prof_Pixel, I wonder how they store them to prevent them going 'off'? I have read that plain iodine works OK, too. However not in C41 it seems.
The body hoards certain elements and recycles them if possible. Two of these are iodine and iron. Others like sodium and potassium are less well controlled. Iodine is needed by the body to manufacture the thyroid hormones. It is stored in the thyroid gland. The iodine isotope present by nuclear reactors is I131 which has a half-life of eight days and decays by emitting a high energy electron. These electrons can destroy thyroid tissue. However by increasing the uptake of regular iodine many fold with potassium iodide tablets the chance of any I131 being absorbed is greatly decreased.
Thank you Gerald. I131 is used to treat some forms of thyrotoxicosis (Hyperthyroidism) so it does have a good side.
General Jack D. Ripper: Mandrake, do you realize that in addition to fluoridating water, why, there are studies underway to fluoridate salt, flour, fruit juices, soup, sugar, milk... ice cream. Ice cream, Mandrake, children's ice cream.
Group Capt. Lionel Mandrake: [very nervous] Lord, Jack.
General Jack D. Ripper: You know when fluoridation first began?
Group Capt. Lionel Mandrake: I... no, no. I don't, Jack.
General Jack D. Ripper: Nineteen hundred and forty-six. 1946, Mandrake. How does that coincide with your post-war Commie conspiracy, huh? It's incredibly obvious, isn't it? A foreign substance is introduced into our precious bodily fluids without the knowledge of the individual. Certainly without any choice. That's the way your hard-core Commie works.
The incidence of fluoride in the water supplies came about as a result in the study of the difference of tooth decay in two towns in North East England back in the 1950's. Each barely half a mile apart. These two towns on opposite banks of the River Tyne, one called North Shields and one on the opposite bank called South Shields. It was noticed that the level of child tooth decay was significantly heavier in North Shields. (where I came from) Tests were conducted and they found that the water supply to the town on the south side contained naturally occuring levels of Fluoride, whilst the one to the north didn't. Each of these towns about the time of the tests had a population of around 50-60K
The water supply to the two towns came from different sources which went to explain the reasons for the difference. The south had their water supply coming from an area which was heavily ingrained with all manner of minerals from lead to gold and everything in between. The supply on the north was from what in UK is called moorland, which has a lot of surface water accumulating in sites which are quite boggy and not from deep down underground.
Further controlled tests were carried out and indeed fluoride which had been infused naturally into the water supply, did not mean those on the south of the river developed two heads or other malformations or ailments. (as antoganists against suggested would happen) But it proved the levels of fluoride in drinking water did have proven benefits for preventing tooth decay. As far as I am aware it is now included in all, or at least most water supplies in the UK, plus other items too.
The introduction of fluoride artificially into our water supplies began shortly after the tests and I have been drinking it, washing in it and developing my films in fluoridated water since.. Seeing as I have reached the biblical age of 3 score years and ten and then exceeded it with no problems, other than some tooth loss! Must show it is relatively harmless. There are far worse things in our life than Fluoride.
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Hello. I am starting mixing my own c41 chemistry. Accidentlally i bought Potassium Iodate KIO3 instead of potassium iodide KI. Can the KIO3 be used in C41 instead of KI? Thank you.
I love the Czech Republic.
So I will give you advice that may benefit you.
- I prepared and used the operation Agfa (CNs) and it does not need (Ki) at all ,,
And it works at 20 degrees Celsius. The process as a whole is very, very cheap, and it has the advantage that the developer lives for two months as long as he is in a dark glass bottle.
This is the best process in my view that gives you standard results, because it is the official Agfa process and is not the invention of any researcher or amateur.
But it depends on the German (T32) developer or the American (CD1). I replaced it with the developer (CD2) I have, and it worked perfectly ..
- I use cheap copper bleach, he does the job assigned to him perfectly without problems ,, only he needs to use a washing solution before and some bleaching.
If you want to go in this direction, I can help you.
I respect the Czech Republic.
Hi. I already bought cd4 and other ingredients for c41 developer. But could you tell me more about copper bleach. How i mix it? What is the bleaching time and temperature? Thank you?
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- mohmad khatab
- Deleted
Unfortunately KIO3 can not be used.
I sent you a copy of the story on private messages
Greetings to the Czech Republic.
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