Aggie - please.
There is no chromium in benzene rings, not does chromium form 6-atom rings. A benzene ring is a ring of six carbon atoms with a special type of bonds between them. No other element than carbon can form these bonds. There are other 6-atom carbon rings too which are not benzene, due to the lack of covalent bonds.
Let's count the charges: Potassium dichromate is K2Cr2O7. Each K is 1+, each O is 2-. That's 14- + 2+ = 12- . So each of the two Cr must be 6+ to balance the charges. Hexavalent = 6+!
I'm tempted to suggest you retake your college level chemistry...
The ceiling airborne exposure limit for dichromates is someting like micrograms.
Much of what is taking place today in the sales of analog products and chemicals in general is taking place in the mistaken hope of banishing risk,....
I think that the point is that the average photographer does not know any chemistry and therefore has to come to someplace like APUG for answers. The thing is, this person must then rely on us to give good information, the best we know, and to avoid frightening them away from analog photography.
In some ways, as pointed out above, the rules in the EU are stricter for effluents than in the US, but a recent article pointed out that in spite of those rules, effluent contained large amounts of chemicals. They were coming from medicines being put into sewage by patients taking these medicines, and having them decompose via various routes into a mess of organics that are unnatural to the environment. (It was in Science News but please don't expect me to dig it up)
By the way - hate when Dr Pepper gets slandered (antifreeze in Dr Pepper was mentioned above).
From http://www.drpepper.com/text/dpnutrition.aspx
Ingredients:
CARBONATED WATER, HIGH FRUCTOSE CORN SYRUP, CARAMEL COLOR, PHOSPHORIC ACID, ARTIFICIAL AND NATURAL FLAVORS, SODIUM BENZOATE (PRESERVATIVE), CAFFEINE.
Note: In some markets, Dr Pepper is made with sugar instead of High Fructose Corn Syrup.
Now unless the "antifreeze" you refer to is included in "artificial and natural flavors", there is none in Dr Pepper.
Well, there are those who question the legitimacy of the Treaty of Guadelupe-Hidalgo.Go back in time to before the mid 90's when Dr. Pepper was forced to eliminate the eythlene glycol from it's product in California. Many markets took their time in other states to follow through and also eliminate it. As recently as 2003 I read eythleen glycol as the preservative in Dr. Pepper in New Mexico. As far as I know NM is still in the USA. .
Go back in time to before the mid 90's when Dr. Pepper was forced to eliminate the eythlene glycol from it's product in California. Many markets took their time in other states to follow through and also eliminate it. As recently as 2003 I read eythleen glycol as the preservative in Dr. Pepper in New Mexico. As far as I know NM is still in the USA. Print outs on a website are great for after the fact marketing. In fact somewhere in my garage in a box is an old unopened can of Dr. Pepper that has it listed as an ingredient. This is not a urban legend but facts, supported by the print on the side of the cans.
No It is ethylene glycol that I mean http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts96.htmlThat's poly-ethlene glycol, big difference. A little knowledge can be dangerous, no?
I went out in to the mass of boxes in my garage, and found my can of old Dr. Pepper I have kept since this was first disclosed in a lecture at the University of Arizona Organic chem class in 94. I will bring it with me when I go to NM next summer for the APIS conf. It clearly reads that it contains not polyethylene glycol, but ethylene glycol. I will go by what I read on the label of the can in hand.
If it were proven that exposure to photo chemistry increased your risk of getting cancer would you give it up ?I mix my own chemicals now. It just worries me, because as of the recent
reports, the rates of cancer are rising. Would you know if exposure to
photographic chemicals, from the raw chemicals to the pre-packed chemicals
that we use, could trigger, or contribute to the development of cancer- -any
kind of cancer?
Gasoline and diesel exhaust are on the list. Lets ban them!
PE
Ammonium dichromate is used in the classic volcano demonstration given to high school and college chemistry students. Last I looked I didn't see a lot of dead instructors or students.As a matter of fact, dichromates are the most dangerous chemical around in a darkroom.
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