A Christmas Cookie from Santa

[Photo Engineer]

I'm just about done with the start of revision 3 of the text on Emulsion Making and Coating. I have completed a draft table of contents.

Well, just for kicks, here is the draft for you. Remember that this is a work in progress. Comments are welcome.

PE


Tentative Table of Contents

Part I

I.1 Light Sensitive materials

I.2 Materials

I.2.1 Silver Nitrate
I.2.2 Halides
I.2.3 Gelatin
I.2.4 Dopants
I.2.5 Doctors
I.2.6 Dyes

I.3 Variations to control emulsion
I.3.1 Dilution
I.3.2 Addenda
I.3.3 Finishing
I.3.4 Spectral Sensitization

I.4 Methods

Definitions
Practices in pptn for the home coater
Syringes – hand
Syringes – machine
Pumps – peristaltic
Pumps – geared
Pumps - calibration
Flow rate vs volume
Production precipitations
Steps in making
Washing
Chemical Sensitization
Spectral Sensitization
Coating
Testing


Part II

II.1 Lab experiments and formulas

II.1.1 Azo types
II.1.1.1 Grade 1
II.1.1.2 Grade 2
II.1.1.3 Grade 3
II.1.1.4 Spectrally sensitized Azo type
II.1.1.5 Warm tone Azo type
II.1.2 Enlarging grades 1, 2
II.1.3 ISO 40 blue and ortho
II.1.4 Alternate formulas
II.1.4.1 Osterman slow plate and lantern slide
II.1.4.2 Browning Matrix Film
II.1.5 Experimentation
II.1.6 Pumped Making
II.1.6.1 Single Run
II.1.6.2 Double Run
II.1.6.3 Triple Run
II.1.6.4 Constant Volume
II.1.7 Washing Methods
II.1.7.1 Noodle
II.1.7.2 ISO
II.1.7.3 UF

Part III

III.1 Bibliography
III.2 Appendixes
III.2.1 Dictionary – Definitions
III.2.2 Chemicals and Equipment for Making
III.2.3 Emulsion Coating Equipment
III.2.4 Pump testing
III.2.5 Notes on Scaling
III.2.6 Useful Molecular Weights
III.2.7 Commonly Used Solutions
III.2.8 Emulsion Speed Tests
III.2.9 Emulsion Contrast Tests
III.3 *** Cookie ****

 

[2F/2F]

"II.1.7.1 Noodle"

"III.3 *** Cookie ****"

These two sections sound veeery interesting to me...

 

[Photo Engineer]

I forgot to mention that I.4 is incomplete as noted by the lack of numbering.

PE

 

[cdholden]

PE,
Thanks for doing what you do to allow others to do what they do.
Happy holidays.
Chris

 

[rmazzullo]

PE,

Thanks for sharing this with us...and Merry Christmas!

Bob Mazzullo

P.S. Is the book going to be in a format where it will lay flat when opened (i.e. spiral bound, etc)? Will you be including some type of blank lab worksheets at the rear of the book to record formulas and procedures, that can be copied? Perhaps troubleshooting charts, (or checklists) as well?

Just a few thoughts.....

 

[Photo Engineer]

Here is an update to revision 3

The book will probably be about 200 pages long with many many figures, charts, and graphs. There will be a lot of formulas as well with data along with them and suggested testing and processing.

It is nearing completion and here is the latest working TOC. Yesterday, I had to revise this a bit and those revisions are not shown yet. I'm still working on it.

Book Contents

Part I

I.1 Light Sensitive materials

I.2 Materials

I.2.1 Silver Nitrate
I.2.2 Halides
I.2.3 Gelatin
I.2.4 Dopants
I.2.5 Doctors and Dyes
I.2.6 Putting it together
I.2.7 Modern making

I.3 Variations to control emulsion
I.3.1 Dilution
I.3.2 Addenda
I.3.3 Finishing
I.3.4 Spectral Sensitization

I.4 Methods

I.4.1 Definitions
I.4.2 Practices in pptn for the home coater
I.4.2.1 Syringes – hand
I.4.2.2 Syringes – machine
I.4.2.3 Pumps – peristaltic
I.4.2.4 Pumps – geared
I.4.2.5 Pumps - calibration
I.4.2.6 Flow rate vs volume
I.4.3 Production precipitations
I.4.4 Steps in making
I.4.5 Post Making - Washing
I.4.6 Post Making - Chemical Sensitization
I.4.7 Post Making - Spectral Sensitization
I.4.8 Preparing the melt – Pre Coating
I.4.9 Coating
I.4.10 Testing


Part II

II.1 Lab experiments and formulas

II.1.1 Azo types
II.1.1.1 Grade 1
II.1.1.2 Grade 2
II.1.1.3 Grade 3
II.1.1.4 Spectrally sensitized Azo type
II.1.1.5 Warm tone Azo type
II.1.2 Enlarging grades 1, 2
II.1.3 ISO 40 blue and ortho
II.1.4 Alternate formulas
II.1.4.1 Osterman slow plate and lantern slide
II.1.4.2 Browning Matrix Film
II.1.5 Experimentation
II.1.6 Pumped Making
II.1.6.1 Single Run
II.1.6.2 Double Run
II.1.6.3 Triple Run
II.1.6.4 Controlled Makes
II.1.6.5 Constant Volume
II.1.7 Washing Methods
II.1.7.1 Noodle
II.1.7.2 ISO
II.1.7.3 UF

Part III

III.1 Bibliography
III.1.1 Literature references
III.1.2 Patents
III.1.3 Private Communication
III.2 Appendixes
III.2.1 Dictionary – Definitions
III.2.2 Chemicals and Equipment for Making
III.2.3 Emulsion Coating Equipment
III.2.4 Pump testing
III.2.5 Notes on Scaling
III.2.6 Useful Molecular Weights
III.2.7 Commonly Used Solutions
III.2.8 Emulsion Speed Tests
III.2.9 Emulsion Contrast Tests
III.3 *** Cookie ****


DVD Contents

Part I Running time ~1.5 hours

I.1 General introduction
I.1.1 Safety
I.1.2 Equipment
I.1.3 Coating methods
II.1 Making an Azo type emulsion
II.1 Weighing
II.2 Preparing the kettle
II.3 Precipitation
III.1 Making an ISO 40 Orthochromatic emulsion
III.1 Weighing
III.2 Making a Silver Nitrate Ammonia complex
III.3 Precipitation
III.4 ISO washing
IV.1 Testing your work

Part II Running time ~1 hour

II.1 Pumped making
II.2 UF washing

 

[Keith Tapscott.]

The book will probably be about 200 pages long with many many figures, charts, and graphs. There will be a lot of formulas as well with data along with them and suggested testing and processing.

It is nearing completion and here is the latest working TOC. Yesterday, I had to revise this a bit and those revisions are not shown yet. I'm still working on it.

Book Contents

Part I

I.1 Light Sensitive materials

I.2 Materials

I.2.1 Silver Nitrate
I.2.2 Halides
I.2.3 Gelatin
I.2.4 Dopants
I.2.5 Doctors and Dyes
I.2.6 Putting it together
I.2.7 Modern making

I.3 Variations to control emulsion
I.3.1 Dilution
I.3.2 Addenda
I.3.3 Finishing
I.3.4 Spectral Sensitization

I.4 Methods

I.4.1 Definitions
I.4.2 Practices in pptn for the home coater
I.4.2.1 Syringes – hand
I.4.2.2 Syringes – machine
I.4.2.3 Pumps – peristaltic
I.4.2.4 Pumps – geared
I.4.2.5 Pumps - calibration
I.4.2.6 Flow rate vs volume
I.4.3 Production precipitations
I.4.4 Steps in making
I.4.5 Post Making - Washing
I.4.6 Post Making - Chemical Sensitization
I.4.7 Post Making - Spectral Sensitization
I.4.8 Preparing the melt – Pre Coating
I.4.9 Coating
I.4.10 Testing


Part II

II.1 Lab experiments and formulas

II.1.1 Azo types
II.1.1.1 Grade 1
II.1.1.2 Grade 2
II.1.1.3 Grade 3
II.1.1.4 Spectrally sensitized Azo type
II.1.1.5 Warm tone Azo type
II.1.2 Enlarging grades 1, 2
II.1.3 ISO 40 blue and ortho
II.1.4 Alternate formulas
II.1.4.1 Osterman slow plate and lantern slide
II.1.4.2 Browning Matrix Film
II.1.5 Experimentation
II.1.6 Pumped Making
II.1.6.1 Single Run
II.1.6.2 Double Run
II.1.6.3 Triple Run
II.1.6.4 Controlled Makes
II.1.6.5 Constant Volume
II.1.7 Washing Methods
II.1.7.1 Noodle
II.1.7.2 ISO
II.1.7.3 UF

Part III

III.1 Bibliography
III.1.1 Literature references
III.1.2 Patents
III.1.3 Private Communication
III.2 Appendixes
III.2.1 Dictionary – Definitions
III.2.2 Chemicals and Equipment for Making
III.2.3 Emulsion Coating Equipment
III.2.4 Pump testing
III.2.5 Notes on Scaling
III.2.6 Useful Molecular Weights
III.2.7 Commonly Used Solutions
III.2.8 Emulsion Speed Tests
III.2.9 Emulsion Contrast Tests
III.3 *** Cookie ****


DVD Contents

Part I Running time ~1.5 hours

I.1 General introduction
I.1.1 Safety
I.1.2 Equipment
I.1.3 Coating methods
II.1 Making an Azo type emulsion
II.1 Weighing
II.2 Preparing the kettle
II.3 Precipitation
III.1 Making an ISO 40 Orthochromatic emulsion
III.1 Weighing
III.2 Making a Silver Nitrate Ammonia complex
III.3 Precipitation
III.4 ISO washing
IV.1 Testing your work

Part II Running time ~1 hour

II.1 Pumped making
II.2 UF washing

Very interesting. When the book is available for sale, I want a signed copy.:munch:

 

[Kirk Keyes]

Me too. But I also want some silver nitrate stains...

 

[dyetransfer]

I wish I had your book when I was experimenting with the Matrix film emulsion. Esp. the chapter on how to make a matrix film! REgards - Jim

 

[Photo Engineer]

Jim;

You wrote the book so to speak on that chapter!

Thanks for permission to use it!

Ron

 

[Photo Engineer]

One and three fourths years later (more or less), I am updating this. I have not forgotten you all.

The book is in revision VI, with about 250 pages and 120 figures and photos. It is fully copyright, and I will be registering it with the Library of Congress soon. The cover is designed and the figures are all numbered and in order. Some don't look too good yet and will have to be redrawn. I have 2 companies locally that can duplicate the DVDs.

I need an editor to read over and correct style in the book and I have at least 3 friends here ready and willing to read it through to check it out.

So, I have not forgotten you all. I had to take some time due to family health issues and the fact that the book is harder than expected!

Version V is here on the table, and version VI is on disk ready to print out. I will print several copies for the editors and go from there.

Just to show progress.........

Part I

I.1 Light Sensitive materials………………………………………………………..……… 11

I.2 Materials…………………… ……………………………………………………………….. 12

I.2.1 Silver Nitrate…………………………………………………………………… 13
I.2.2 Halides…………………………………………………………………………… 13
I.2.3 Gelatin…………………………………………………………………………… 18
I.2.4 Dopants…………………………………………………………………………. 20
I.2.5 Doctors and Dyes……………………………………………………………. 21
I.2.6 Putting it all together………………………………………………………. 22
I.2.7 Modern making………………………………………………………………. 24

I.3 Variations to control emulsion……………………………………………………… 36
I.3.1 Dilution or thickness of emulsion layer……………………………... 36
I.3.2 Addenda…………………………………………………………………......... 38
I.3.3 Finishing……………………………………………………………………….. 39
I.3.4 Spectral Sensitization……………………………………………………… 41

I.4 Methods used in Emulsion Precipitation……………………………………….. 48

I.4.1 Definitions of some emulsion types…………………………………… 48
I.4.2 Practices in home precipitation………………………………………… 50
I.4.2.1 Syringes – manual and automatic…………………………. 50
I.4.2.2 Pumps – peristaltic and tubing…………………………….. 52
I.4.2.3 Pumps – geared………………………………………………….. 55
I.4.2.4 Pumps – calibration……………………………………………. 55
I.4.2.5 Flow rate vs size of make……………………………………… 56
I.4.2.6 Bubbles……………………………………………………………… 57
I.4.3 Production precipitations – Scaling and Mixing…………………. 59
I.4.4 Steps in making………………………………………………………………. 61
I.4.5 Making- Post Making – Dopants……………………………………….. 64
I.4.6 Post Making – Washing the Emulsion……………………………….. 66
I.4.7 Post Making - Chemical Sensitization………………………………… 71
I.4.8 Post Making - Spectral Sensitization…………………………………. 73
I.4.9 Preparing the melt – Pre Coating………………………………………. 75
I.4.9.1 Emulsion Addenda and Doctors……………………………. 76
I.4.9.2 Surfactants…………………………………………………………. 76
I.4.9.3 Hardeners………………………………………………………….. 77
I.4.10 Coating…………………………………………………………………………. 78
I.4.11 Photo System Engineering (Theory)………………………………… 87
I.4.12 Photo Systems Engineering (Testing)………………………………. 90


Part II

II.1 Lab experiments and formulas…………………………………………………….. 98

II.1.1 Laboratory Procedures – Laboratory Safety………………………. 98
II.1.2 Laboratory Procedures – Hand Coating……………………………. 99
II.1.2.1 The coating surface…………………………………………….. 99
II.1.2.2 The coating equipment………………………………………. 102
II.1.2.3 The coating medium…………………………………………… 108
II.1.2.4 Selection of film and paper supports…………………….. 112
II.1.2.5 Comments about lab work…………………………………… 116
II.1.2.6 Comments about the emulsion formulas………………. 123

II.2 Making a contact speed Azo type paper……………………………….. 125
II.2.1 Making an Azo type emulsion ………………………………... 125
II.2.2 Grade 2………………………………………………………………… 126
II.2.3 Grade 3………………………………………………………………… 127
II.2.4 Grade 4………………………………………………………………… 128
II.2.5 Things to be aware of and troubleshooting………………. 128
II.2.6 Exposure and Processing……………………………………….. 130
II.2.7 Results…………………………………………………………………. 131
II.3 Spectrally sensitized Azo type……………………………………………… 136
II.4 Warm tone Azo type .................................................................... 137
II.5 Interlude – Introduction to the hard stuff…………………………….. 140
II.5.1 Making an enlarging speed emulsion……………………….. 144
II.5.1.1 A Contrast grade 0 - 1 Enlarging paper…………. 146
II.5.1.2 A contrast grade 1 – 2 Enlarging paper………… 147
II.5.1.3 A washed emulsion for normal enlarging……… 151
II.5.1.4 Chlorobromide emulsions…………………………… 158
II.5.2 ISO 25 - 50 Camera Speed AgBrI film emulsion………… 160
II.5.3 Making an ISO 40 - 80 Ortho film SRAD………………….. 162
II.5.4 Alternate to ISO 40 emulsion…………………………………… 169
II.6 Alternate formulas………………………………………………………………. 175
II.6.1 Browning Matrix Film……………………………………………… 175
II.6.2 Osterman slow plate and lantern slide………………………. 179
II.7 A modern High Speed formula……………………………………………… 182
II.8 Pumped Making………………………………………………………………….. 185
II.8.1 Single Run……………………………………………………………… 187
II.8.2 Double Run……………………………………………………………. 187
II.8.3 Multiple Solution Making………………………………………… 188
II.8.4 Controlled Makes……………………………………………………. 188
II.8.5 Constant Volume……………………………………………………. 191
II.9 Washing Methods…………………………………………………………………191
II.9.1 Noodle……………………………………………………………………. 192
II.9.2 ISO………………………………………………………………………… 192
II.9.3 UF…………………………………………………………………………. 193
II.10 Making a Color coating………………………………………………………. 196
II.10.1 Dye Bleach……………………………………………………………. 196
II.10.2 Chromogenic………………………………………………………… 198

Part III

III.1 Bibliography………………………………………………………………………………. 204
III.1.1 Literature references………………………………………………………. 204
III.1.2 Patents………………………………………………………………………….. 204
III.1.3 Private Communication………………………………………………….. 204
III.1.4 Additional Comments and Sources…………………………………… 205
III.2 Appendixes
III.2.1 Dictionary – Definitions………………………………………………….. 206
III.2.2 Chemicals and Equipment for Making……………………………… 211
III.2.3 Emulsion Coating Methods……………………………………………… 213
III.2.4 Pump testing………………………………………………………………….. 215
III.2.5 Notes on Scaling……………………………………………………………… 215
III.2.6 Useful Molecular Weights………………………………………………… 216
III.2.7 Commonly Used Solutions……………………………………………….. 217
III.2.8 Emulsion Speed Tests……………………………………………………… 219
III.2.9 Emulsion Contrast Tests………………………………………………….. 226
III.2.10 Coating Blade Drawings………………………………………………… 226
III.2.11 Testing vAg……………………………………………………………………. 229
III 2.12 vAg vs Salt calculations…………………………………………………… 233
III.3 *** Cookies ****…………………………………………………………………. 239


The tabs line up perfectly in word. The cookies remain.

PE

 

[Athiril]

So is VI the version that will be for sale, once proof-read and passed?

 

[Photo Engineer]

Athiril;

After my 3 or 4 editors finish, and I make corrections, it will probably be called VII.

BTW, the core of the book is about 58M.

I have it in 4 files and the total is a bit larger.

PE

 

[wildbillbugman]

Hi PE,
I can't wait ! But I will. Will this book be available as E-Book, an old-fashioned printed book, or both?
I don't usually value autographs. But in this case I might.
Bill

 

[Jerevan]

Thanks for your efforts! And do keep a backup (or two) just in case something happens ...

 

[PhotoJim]

Ron gave me the honour of leafing through his manuscript last week when I visited him in Rochester, and the book looks good. Ron's making sure to give lots of information to help us find our errors in the process, because we will make errors.

Thanks again, Ron, for taking the time to meet me - it was a pleasure. And all - if you can, go to George Eastman House in Rochester sometime, and research about it in advance because the possibilities there are amazing.

 

[Jeff Kubach]

Will the book be ready for braille soon?

Jeff

 

[Photo Engineer]

Jim;

Thanks for your kind comments. I am trying to do a good job, not a fast one.

Bill;

The book will probably be only in printed form similar to Bob Shanebrook's book.

PE

 

[wildbillbugman]

Ron,
Where is the chapter on "Emulsions For Vegetarians." I mean, emulsions that do not contribute to the mistreatment and slaughter of cattle and hogs?

 

[Photo Engineer]

Bill;

I have a few patents and RDs on that subject. We used a copolymer with sulfur and nitrogen in it for pptn and a terpolymer for coating which had a crosslinking site. For color, we used a coupler grafted onto the terpolymer.

Unfortunately, these things are hard to get and expensive. But, I do consider this seriously. OTOH, with all of the byproducts of cattle out there, why not make sure that they are not left to go to waste, but rather are used in a good cause.

So, there is my position on this! I'll leave veggie emulsions for you!

PE

 

[Athiril]

Athiril;

After my 3 or 4 editors finish, and I make corrections, it will probably be called VII.

BTW, the core of the book is about 58M.

I have it in 4 files and the total is a bit larger.

PE

There is a hole in the bucket Dear Eliza!

 

[2F/2F]

Sounds dumb, but I actually know someone who went digital solely because of the use of gelatin in analog photo products. I am of a sympathetic attitude on the over consumption and mistreatment of animals by humans, but there is truly nothing more repulsive to me than human absolutism!

 

[Photo Engineer]

Athiril;

My head has a hole in it. I was up until 1AM editing the book, printing and reviewing the DVDs. Maybe you can explain your last post. I'm kinda whacked this AM.

Sorry.

PE

 

[Photo Engineer]

Unfortunately, I priced out having my editing copies today. In B&W only it will run about $25 each without binding and up to $100 each in color. When I have the larger run made, this same type of price differential will apply!

So, here is a question..... How important is color to you all? Is it worth up to 4x in price no matter what the price is?

PE

 

[Ray Rogers]

No. A black and white emulsion should be in B/W.
(Even if it is color sensitive!)

If color is critical, perhaps it could form a supplemental appendix in the DVD?