What is a portrait?

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blansky

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Yesterday I commented on a picture in the gallery. And it was met with some derision, hurt feelings and of course Clive's usually outrage which I guess could be explained by his Grumpy Old Man thread. It was also met with a thoughtful response by Ken.

But it brings up a larger issue I see on this site, which sort of makes sense because this is not a professional site and many people here have no real contact or exposure to photography as a profession. When many here see a picture of a person, to them it's a portrait, and they either like them, dislike them or are indifferent. But the problem with that thinking is that it's sort of naive to see things in that way. A picture of a lingerie ad, is different than a boudoir picture. An art nude is different than a porno picture. A face in a commercial beauty shot is different than a studio portrait photographer's shot. A photojournalists shot of a person is different than both those two. And where does a snapshot fit in?

As I've said before every genre of photography has different parameters, objectives and "rules". Migrant mother had different parameters than Karsh's Churchill, and different parameters than an executive portrait and different parameters than your picture of your daughter and different parameters than Leibovitz's celebrity stuff. That's not to say the photographers of all of these can't do the other, it's just the mindset they have when they do them. One is documentary with a message, one is unpaid portrait of a world leader, one is glorifying an executive, one is enhancing your beautiful daughter and one is basically promoting a product/person to sell something. There are different goals in all of them. Should they be judged the same.

When I was choosing which avenue to follow in photography, I ended up picking the one, that in my opinion was the most important. To most people here, it's probably the least important because they've seen all those photojournalist icons, celebrity photographer icons, street photographer icons and said, man that stuff is so great, and so important it's like art. To me it sort of is like art, although like art, it's also not so important. My thinking was, which genre means the most to people, which would they hang in their home forever, which would they look and glance at every day, which could make them cry. And also added into the mix, is which could I actually do for a living. Photojournalists, have a short span usually, celebrity photographers are much like celebrities, and they fall out of favor. So my choices were commercial photographers who work for advertising agencies, usually out of big cities and deal with that lifestyle, or do what I did and opened a downtown studio.

The bottom line on all this is, who pays. And whomever pays, is the client and has a direct affect on the image. In my case, my customer is the subject and the client. So that has it's obvious parameter, I need to make them look good, no Eisenstadt Goebbels here. A commercial photographer is paid by the advertising agency or the company. His parameter/goal is to make the client look good, the model is not his concern as to whether she likes her picture or not. Celebrity photographers are paid by various people, but they are essential selling a product, namely the actor/celeb, and they must make them look good. A photojournalist is paid to advance an idea, and they have to make the subject fit into that idea.

As for the picture from yesterday, the person is a incredible photographer, who uses alt process a lot and actually reminds me of my favorite photographer Mark Tucker who is a commercial photographer and is possible most famous for his Jack Daniels campaigns. Where I had a problem with the picture was the fact that when we approach people to photograph them, who is the client? Good question. The subject, the photographer, the public we show the picture to.

Well in my worldview, the photographers creed is do no harm, unless harm is what you set out to do. So my problem is that although the eyes of the subject you could drown in, the complexion of the face was affected negatively by the process so to me the picture failed. In fact I never would have shown it to her. To the author of the picture he loved the look and the affect and apparently so did his subject, and was offended by my comment.

So lets discuss it.

Do we look at pictures of people and in essence "follow the money" to get the backstory, or should the picture just stand on it's own, regardless of the outcome and whom it affects. But be careful, because pictures have power. We discussed the Sally Mann children's issues and I love her pictures. In my world, I would never embarrass a child even if it was a so called cute picture. If the subject couldn't show the picture to her new boy friend at 18 because she was embarrassed, then I failed. If someone wasn't brought to their potential by the picture, I failed. What about Avedon's white series where he went out to the hinterland to photograph the yokels. Is that fair game? Had a lot of controversy.

So what is a portrait. And what are it's responsibilities.
 

wiltw

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How about we begin with what might be a 'classic' definition (supplied in Wikipedia, in this case):

"A portrait is a painting, photograph, sculpture, or other artistic representation of a person, in which the face and its expression is predominant. The intent is to display the likeness, personality, and even the mood of the person. For this reason, in photography a portrait is generally not a snapshot, but a composed image of a person in a still position. A portrait often shows a person looking directly at the painter or photographer, in order to most successfully engage the subject with the viewer."​

We can then branch out from there for the various photographic interpretations of the generic description.

  • I'll begin with introducing the debate if a 'candid' is a 'portrait', in that the subject has no idea usually that anyone is photographing them; but most classic portraits the subject(s) are very well aware of the purpose of the presence of the camera.
  • Then, how does one differentiate a 'portrait' from something like a fashion model walking down the runway with professional shooters in abundance?
 

dpurdy

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When I do a studio portrait I like to take a picture of a person having their picture taken. That is because I am hung up on honesty and I can't help but notice that the person is being affected by my looking at them and aiming a camera at them. I hope to find a look of positive interest. I wait if I can for a mask to be dropped. I try not to tell a lie about the person. Success for me is not only that the person really likes the photo but that they are somewhat surprised to like it so much. If anyone want to look at some of my work.. here it is.
http://dennispurdy.com/Portraits/Portraits.html
 

pschwart

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The whole issue about the intent of portraiture aside (a valid discussion), I consider name-calling way out-of-bounds, especially when soliciting comments on a posted image. If you can't handle criticism, don't post your images.
 
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RobC

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A portrait is a vanity shot. i.e. It is requested by the subject for whatever reason. The End.

What are the photographers responsibilities? If they accept the commission, then it is to follow the clients brief. The End.

p.s. if the photographer wants repeat work and/or recommendations from the subject, they better make a damn good job of it.
 

TheFlyingCamera

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A portrait is a vanity shot. i.e. It is requested by the subject (for whatever reason). The End.

What are the photographers responsibilities? If they accept the commission, then it is to follow the clients brief. The End.

I think that's a very narrow vision for what is a portrait. A photographer (or painter, or sculptor, although much less likely the latter) could choose to create a non-collaborative portrait that depicts a subject in an other-than-flattering manner. Think Arnold Newman's portrait of Alfred Krupp, or more recently Jill Greenberg's portraits of John McCain (the ones that The Atlantic ran, not the outtakes she photoshopped with shark teeth and blood). They're portraits, they convey a message about the subject, and have a very distinctive point of view. Just because it doesn't co-incide with what the subjects might have wanted doesn't make them any less portraits, or any less successful as portraits. And this is not new - go back and look at Velasquez' portraits (or even better, Goya's) of the Spanish royal family. You can practically hear the banjos playing and the inbreeding jokes snickering from behind the paintings.
 

Old-N-Feeble

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What are portraits? They show good traits as well as poor traits.
 

Rick A

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The whole issue about the intent of portraiture aside (a valid discussion), I consider name-calling way out-of-bounds, especially when soliciting comments on a posted image. If you handle criticism, don't post your images.

(there was a url link here which no longer exists)
 

Jim Jones

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"A portrait is a painting, photograph, sculpture, or other artistic representation of a person, in which the face and its expression is predominant." Better yet, a portrait represents what a person is or does rather than merely what that person looks like. Consider the back view of Winston Churchill outdoors at his easel, Yousuf Karsh's 1954 back view of Pablo Casals playing the cello, or W. Eugene Smith's The Walk to Paradise Garden. However, that last one may say more about Smith than about his two children.
 

frank

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Just a reaction to a previous post by Michael: I find people to be the most interesting of possible photographic subjects. Having someone like an image that you've made of them is a very gratifying experience. A tree will not say thank you. For me, a portrait can be a celebration of our human-ness. :smile:
 

Ko.Fe.

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Personally, anything which tells us about person is the portrait. Pablo Picasso is good example.
To me the classic portrait is delivered by Yousuf Karsh.

But it really depends for whom this portrait is addressed to.
The glamour style rules for general public. My wife will not accept 99% of her portraits, because I can't make her beautiful enough.
Or bunch of distasteful InstaFilckers would rave about crapshot of person eating hotdog as the great portrait.
 

removed account4

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a portrait is just a photograph of a person, place or thing that shows its character.
it could be fantasy or reality, it doesn't matter.
 

TheFlyingCamera

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a portrait is just a photograph of a person, place or thing that shows its character.
it could be fantasy or reality, it doesn't matter.

I think many folks are still running around with this notion of "Truth" in photography- a portrait must depict something "truthful" about the subject. But the "truth" in a portrait can be as manufactured or contrived as you the photographer wants to make it. Think Richard Avedon and the Duke and Duchess of Windsor - he wanted to get a particular expression from them to make them look a certain way, so he lied and told them he had run over a dog with his car on the way to the studio. The reaction is "honest" and "Truthful" in the sense that it is their reaction, but it's totally dishonest and untruthful because it's in response to a lie.
 

RobC

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OK, lets sort something very basic out.

Does "Portrait" mean a portrayal of something or does it mean a likeness of a person who has requested it?

I ask because if its a "portrayal" of something then a portrait could be pretty much absolutely anything done in any way the creator chooses. So to the OP, are you getting at narrowing the definition down to a specific area of work where the subject is a paying client or are you looking for the generic meaning which is really a "portrayal" of anything you like. I thought it was the former and I stand by my initial reply based on that.
 

removed account4

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i agree scott, there really is no truth in photography whether it is a portrait or anything else.
it is all somehow manipulated to give something else. unless the "truth" they are talking about
is not being contrived and overly manipulated. but even that i have trouble with, because
dof/lighting/shutterspeed/choice of film/developer/printing &c all manipulate and turn the image into something different than "honesty"...
 
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I avoided comment on the subject that prompted this because I was late to the party and the shit had already soiled the fan.

That being said it is a harsh depiction of a woman who lives in a harsh world and that in itself says volumes. It doesn't make her ugly it shows who she is. I like it. Look at some of Steve McCurry's portraits. Many are not flattering however speak of characteristics not easily spoken of or seen. And there's a certain severe beauty in that. It's easy to gloss over imperfections,difficult to address them with dignity. I say he was successful on the latter.
 

removed account4

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OK, lets sort something very basic out.

Does "Portrait" mean a portrayal of something or does it mean a likeness of a person who has requested it?

I ask because if its a "portrayal" of something then a portrait could be pretty much absolutely anything done in any way the creator chooses. So to the OP, are you getting at narrowing the definition down to a specific area of work where the subject is a paying client or are you looking for the generic meaning which is really a "portrayal" of anything you like. I thought it was the former and I stand by my initial reply based on that.

picasso's portrait of gertrude stein sort of looked like her ...
i photographed the dean of students at a local university, and the
reporter who interviewed her ( in person, was sitting across the desk from her )
had no idea who the portriat was of ...
 
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blansky

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OK, lets sort something very basic out.

Does "Portrait" mean a portrayal of something or does it mean a likeness of a person who has requested it?

I ask because if its a "portrayal" of something then a portrait could be pretty much absolutely anything done in any way the creator chooses. So to the OP, are you getting at narrowing the definition down to a specific area of work where the subject is a paying client or are you looking for the generic meaning which is really a "portrayal" of anything you like. I thought it was the former and I stand by my initial reply based on that.

I'm not trying to do anything really. Just see what people think. But I wanted to state that there are many genres of people pictures, and they often have very different motives for doing them, which reflect in the results.

It's been said that a portrait is merely the reflection of the photographer imposed on the subject. So in my original examples, I was sort of testing if people understood that or if they called a portrait any picture taken of someone and judged it only by content and the whole " look how he captured the ESSENCE of that person" or if they were more discriminating.
 
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blansky

blansky

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I avoided comment on the subject that prompted this because I was late to the party and the shit had already soiled the fan.

That being said it is a harsh depiction of a woman who lives in a harsh world and that in itself says volumes. It doesn't make her ugly it shows who she is. I like it. Look at some of Steve McCurry's portraits. Many are not flattering however speak of characteristics not easily spoken of or seen. And there's a certain severe beauty in that. It's easy to gloss over imperfections,difficult to address them with dignity. I say he was successful on the latter.

I have no problem with that opinion, except I could argue, that the technique added that grit, or at least enhanced it, so as I stated the technique overpowered the subject making parts of her more attractive (the eyes, for example), and parts of her far less attractive, which in fact was not exactly how she looked in real life.

It's much like portrait lighting. When we light for a more dramatic effect like Rembrandt lighting using broad and short lighting, we actually enhance people wrinkles. We overpower their look with technique. So what we do then, is retouch it back, which I've spend countless hours retouching negatives to do. The end result we had a more dramatic picture than if we used flat lighting, but we had to retouch it back to be flattering.

I don't really want this thread to be about that picture per se, but that's my explanation.
 

RobC

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So it really comes down to context. I would describe most photos as portrayals of the subject but where someone comes to me and says, will you please take my photo or my families photo then I would term it a portrait.

Am I wrong to make that distinction ?
 
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I have no problem with that opinion, except I could argue, that the technique added that grit, or at least enhanced it, so as I stated the technique overpowered the subject making parts of her more attractive (the eyes, for example), and parts of her far less attractive, which in fact was not exactly how she looked in real life.

It's much like portrait lighting. When we light for a more dramatic effect like Rembrandt lighting using broad and short lighting, we actually enhance people wrinkles. We overpower their look with technique. So what we do then, is retouch it back, which I've spend countless hours retouching negatives to do. The end result we had a more dramatic picture than if we used flat lighting, but we had to retouch it back to be flattering.

I don't really want this thread to be about that picture per se, but that's my explanation.

I meant no offense nor wished to contradict anyone. It's my interpretation and nothing more.
 

MattKing

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The gallery photograph that prompted blansky's initial post and then this thread is one of many by illumiquest.

His work is very strong - when I see him posting I can generally count on at least an interesting photograph, and often a wonderful one.

But part of that strength is that his work challenges the preconception of what constitutes a portrait.

blansky's take on the matter is different than his. I'm surprised illumiquest was upset by that fact, because to me he seems to be very confident in his vision.

IMHO, if anyone reading this thread isn't a subscriber, illumiquest' photographs are reason enough to subscribe.
 

cliveh

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Anyone who produces a portrait, in whatever medium must realise that many people may view the portrait cold. No explanation or background information. It therefore needs to communicate to the viewer on a purely visual basis. The degree of communication determines the strength of the image as a portrait.
 
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