I'll chime in just because I haven't seen some of my formative books here. I should mention that I am a complete autodidact. I took one workshop once with a Minor White student who only said, "nice prints, why did you make them?"
I started out on the afore-mentioned Time-Life series, which my father owned. That was in my early teens. When I got "serious," I read the Ansel Adams pentology ;-) That was the old 5-part "Basic Photography Series," which was anything but basic. The newer trilogy has a lot less math and theory. Although I don't derive foot-candles from meter readings (and never did), the grounding in theory in the old series was great.
The basis for all my Zone System testing to this day comes from the Minor White/Peter Lorenz "The New Zone System Manual." I still derive film speed and development times and still make Zone Rulers for new film/paper combinations using the visual method they outline.
Supplement the above with Ctein, Rudman (not as helpful as I would have thought), Troop/Anchel (both "Cookbooks"), and many others. One picks up bits and pieces all over; magazines, forums, libraries,
And, let's not forget this particular forum. Although one has to "filter" a bit on a public forum, I consider the information from PE, Ralph Lambrecht, Ian Grant and many, many others to be invaluable.
Best,
Doremus Scudder
www.DoremusScudder.com