I think that Hollywood, whose exposures have to be correct, have T-stops incorporated into their lenses (taking into account all lens aberrations which compromise full accuracy). T- stops (transmission stops) are calibrated so as to give an actual doubling or having of light transmission with each step. F stops are supposed to also, but they are not perfectly matched to that precise requirement, although theoretically they are. Is there a reason why manufacturers opt for the somewhat less accurate f stop? - David Lyga
Most pro work in cinematography is still done with hand held metering so no TTL, no Tv or Av settings on cameras. The T-stop was never a thing for RF cameras, nor for still cameras of any type where you can fix it in the darkroom. Exception being for the early cine zooms adapted to still cameras (Angénieux and other). The T stop is a work around adopted in the early days of cine zooms lens. As others have said it is an actual as opposed to a calculated value for the aperture light ratio. Especially with early zooms, with elements having very rudimentary anti flare coatings, flocking, baffles, etc. it was found that some zooms at some settings were only about 85% (average) efficient in getting light through the pipe. Lens coatings, etc. have really improved but for critical professional work time is still money so the less fiddling a cinematographer has to do the better.Why bother and bring cost up, if f-stops are working perfectly for photography?
And actually I have T stops. Av for aperture, Tv for shutter speeds. On my Leica M4-2, I have f-stops on the lens and t-stops on shutter dial
Most pro work in cinematography is still done with hand held metering so no TTL, (...)
+1Especially with early zooms, with elements having very rudimentary anti flare coatings, flocking, baffles, etc. it was found that some zooms at some settings were only about 85% (average) efficient in getting light through the pipe. Lens coatings, etc. have really improved but for critical professional work time is still money so the less fiddling a cinematographer has to do the better.
I am not sure that TTL solves the problem. TTL is tied to the maximum aperture of the lens, which must be communicated to the camera. That aperture is still measured as an F stop and is inaccurate as any other F stop.
However that is not all that accurate or reliable in many lenses. Overall light transmission is not always perfectly even throughout the aperture range of a lens, as you stop down with simple geometric f/stops you may drift up or down from the expect overall transmission value. This issue is then further compounded with zooms - My Sigma 150-500 at the long end ends up being more than half a stop off from my canon 70-200 f/4L's exposure.
I think you've hit the nail on the head. Typical 35mm SLR shooters use TTL metering, so any light loss due to the lens is compensated.
flavio81 said:F stop is accurate because it is geometrical. The max aperture is communicated accurately? depends on the system. For example on the Pentax-KA mount it is communicated in a very accurate way (digital).
But since TTL SLRs and dSLRs almost all meter with lens wide open (the exceptions being the Spotmatic-like TTL M42 cameras from multiple manufacturer) any imprecision due to aperture blade closure error is not factored in
Yes, this is what Luckless says above.
Old magazine tests (modern photo?) indicate the T-stop measured at wide opening.
I remain unconvinced. If the camera is told that the amount of light transmitted at full aperture is (for example) 1.8 as an Fstop when it is actually 1.9 as a T stop, then the camera cannot take incorrect input and yield correct output.
Don't think that T stops had anything to do with measurements! For example, Olympus 21mm f/2 lens measured actual: 20.15mm / 1.91
f/2 aperture at 21mm = 10.5mm diameter aperture; 20.15mm/10.5 = 1.9190476
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