I know I'm coming in a bit late here, but the main difference we noticed in the eighties in a mural enlarging area, was that normal home darkroom lenses, were designed for an 8x enlargement. I think the cheaper 6 element lenses were optimised/designed for a 12 x enlargement, however, most Apo lens were designed for a 20 x enlargement.
By design, I mean that the optimum enlargement, where all lenses work at their best, was at the aforementioned magnifications of the negative. This was pretty much across the board, meaning that a 50 mm lens on a 35mm neg was optimised at 20 times enlargement, and, the 80mm or 150mm with their respective sized negs, were also optimised for a 20 times enlargement of the negative.
There was one notable exception, that was a Schneider HM or High Magnification lens. We had two of them, a 40 and a 90mm. I can remember using a DeVere 4x5 free standing enlarger with a drop table. The enlarger head was almost at the ceiling and the drop table was about 150mm from the floor. Printing at that magnification required even 35mm to be in glass, to keep the neg flat, the prints were grain sharp. No other lens we had, was capable of that.
When Ektar 25 Professional was being released in Australia, we used the HM 40mm lens in one of the horizontal mural enlargers to produce pictures of people at same size, for Kodak Australia. We were all amazed at the resolution of the film and the capabilities of the enlarging lens.
Getting to the original question from Neal, I had a Schneider Componar as one of my first better enlarging lens, switched over to a Componon six element of some type, then hit paydirt with a Componon S 2.8 which I still love and use.
I think the Rodagon range of lenses are pretty much on a par with Schneider, as in Canon and Nikon 35mm camera lens in the seventies and eighties were pretty much par with each other.
I think Claire's assessment of lenses, is spot on.
Mick.