Media uproar?? Maybe you can explain what you mean. The book basically sank like a stone when it was released. And in the late '50s, 'the media' was nothing like the noise machine it has become. More like a media meow at best for 'The Americans' and mainly a media hiss.
And to say that fame is because of media uproar is tautological. That's pretty much what fame means since WWII- media figures.
And to say that the US was dour and dark in the '50s would strike many as a strange take on that era. Sure you had an underside bubbling along, but you also had Levitt Town and Oldsmobile and Groucho Marx and Eisenhower and strong unions. For whites, at least, the '50s was a decent time to be in the US, with a hopeful future.
The odds are that most any kind of image has been made at any point in photo history, limited by the existing tech- happy tintypes, dark albumen wet plate prints, etc. I'm pretty certain that with a little digging and editing there are many 'Robert Frank's of the '50s waiting to be found. Vivian Meyer is a good example of a different strand of photography at that time, and there are many more. Having been around 'art photography' since the '70's and taught at times, I an assure you that 'Frank' photos are being made daily around the world. How one person rises to 'represent ' is a complicated process. The critical dialogue around Frank has been going on since the book was published, and most of it has been far from any mdeia uproar.