Yes, as a matter of fact you DO have the right to challenge any authority. If that were not true, then we'd all still believe the earth is flat and 6000 years old, and that the sun and the stars revolve around it. I've seen far too many instances where kids were told something by a teacher that was patently false, and then forced to kowtow to the teacher to appease their ego in spite of the truth. To give you one example, a friend of mine is a certifiable mathematics genius (He took 1st place in the World Mathematics Competition (under 21 category) as a senior in high school. He had his pick of Harvard, CalTech, and MIT, full free ride on academics. Now he's a tenured professor at Princeton University). He was working on a Masters' thesis in advanced theoretical math as a senior in high school. He had to turn in his Masters' thesis to his high school advisor to make sure he was actually working when off-campus. The teacher gave him an F. The reason? The teacher was too stupid to understand what he was writing about. Fortunately his university professor stepped in with the high school and tore the principal and the teacher a new one. The high school advisor reluctantly reconsidered and gave him a B. Only B in math he ever got.
There is a difference between questioning authority and disrespecting authority. Do by all means do the first. That's how we learn. The latter, not such a good idea, because when authority IS wrong (which it can frequently be - they're just as human and prone to mistakes as the rest of us) , they often don't take kindly to being told they're wrong, and they have the power to do something about it (see the high school math teacher above).