I have older AF-D lenses, pre-2000, and newer ones - build construction seems about the same, but my sample size is about half a dozen only.
The one lens I have that seems excellent in construction is the 135/2 AF-D DC (defocus control) - it has the black crinkle-finish metal.
As for image quality, from Nikon's own MTF charts I can see that the G lenses perform better than their D counterparts - Nikon must've improved the optical design. For new D vs old D or even vs manual AIS, I can't tell because I can find no MTF curves for the earlier lenses.