OK so while I don't know what the "release catch" is (and would still like to know) I think I got the camera working ... at least in manual mode. All of my searches kept coming back to the self timer on these things being gummed up, meaning the self timer wouldn't actually finish it's countdown, meaning the shutter wouldn't fire, meaning the film advance lever couldn't move. After putting some lighter fluid on the self timer countdown switch and moving around the self timer (and making sure the timer on/off was on "X" not "M"), I heard the timer run and the shutter fire! I had to keep working the mechanisms and now it seems to fire just fine at all apertures and shutter speeds in manual.
And while this is fine with me, I would like to figure out what the deal is with "auto" mode. When I set the aperture to "auto" the shutter won't fire on any fast shutter speeds. I'm in a super bright room, but it is 11pm and there isn't much ambient light so maybe I don't have enough light?? I *do* know the light meter is working, which is awesome, so maybe that's the deal.
I'm truly fascinated by this camera and VERY excited that I got it working!
But if you or anyone else knows the deal with the "auto" setting I'm all ears.