Keeping it all simple/simpler/simplest

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Down Under

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I thought of heading this post 'KISS'- until I checked the definitions online and went off that idea posthastepronto...

https://acronyms.thefreedictionary.com/KISS

What I mean by this is, what and how do you do it to keep your photography to its simplest? By "simple/r/st" I don't mean shooting on AutoEverything set at ISO 800 and letting your gear do your thinking for you, but the tips and tricks many of us have learned in our time as photographers, to keep things nicely simple and let us concentrate on the images.

Alas for me, I'm not known to be a simple thinker. So the above is the best I can do to explain the basic concept of what I'm getting at here. Now for some of my ideas.

I learned to use hyperfocal distance focusing early in my shooting life, in the 1960s. As a young student I loved to do landscape work with my Yashica D, but as a poor student I couldn't afford to waste film (yes, that ancient product, film) and I had to make the best of every exposure. Today's digiheads no longer have this problem, You might say it was an Eastman-era connundrum.

Oddly to me, most digital shooters have little or no idea what hyperfocal focusing is - not so surprising,as most AF lenses made today don't have distance markings anyway, most of my circa 2000 D series Nikon lenses do, but not so the later G lens series. All of which makes trying to explain all this to a young 2019 photographer about as easy as writing a manual to crank-start a Model A Ford and how that darn crank actually fired up the engine.

Easier to just say to them, if you own G series lenses then just trot off happily to the rest of this thread. But then by now you've read through all this anyway, haven't you? Ha!

Basically, it sums up like,if you are using an old(er) camera with distance markings either on the lens (most pre-1990s 35mm SLRs) or the focusing knob (my Rolleiflexes and Rolleicord), by setting the lens at say f/8, and then the distance on the lens/knob on infinity on one side on the f/8 mark and whatever distance falls on the f/8 mark on the other side, then everything between the two f/8 marks will be in reasonable if not entirely rock-sharp focus.

If close to engraving-ike definition is how you want your negatives or slides, then set your preferred distance (infinity or whatever) on the dead-center mark of the ens, and work from there. Follow the distance markings down to the f/8 or f/11 or f/16 mark and see what distance mark lies thereon. Everything will be in focus between the two marks, infinity and the other.

By now I've probably confused just about everyone. Go and Google "hyperfocal distance in photography definition" and some anonymous scribe will explain it to you far better than I have or ever will.

Somewhat easier to do are a few of my other trips/tricks.

Recently I wasted a little time pondering my photo technique(s) and worked out that I shoot about 80% of my images at f/5.6 and the last 20% at f/9. Between these two settings, I've lived happily for the past five decades. I can't remember when I last shot anything at f/1.4 or even f/2, so it's safe to say I could survive well with a collection of f/5.6 lenses. Not wildly exciting, but it's the end result that matters, isn't it?

For almost all my shooting, I keep my digital Nikons set on A (Aperture). In my film time I kept my Nikkormat ELs and my Contax G1 on fixed apertures (the aforesame f/5.6 and f/9 for the most part) and let the shutter speeds look out for themselves.

When I bought my first 35mm SLR in the '70s I consideed my needs and decided I wasn't a standard 50 type. I got a 28 (for newspaper shooting) and later added a 55 micro Nikkor (for product shots) and finally an 85 (for portraits and wedding work). I still use this combo.

Nowadays I do most shooting in digital with a 28 Nikon D prime. I'm not a one camera one lens guy 'tho the notion does appeal. Three lenses are enough optics for me to cart around. I also have an elderly battle-scarred Nikon 28-85 zoom lens from the first series so early 1990s I think, and this piece of ancient glass produces images fully 95% as good as my primes.

When I shoot with an 85, a 135 or a 180 lens, I adjust my exposure to -0.3 for bright everyday situations or -0.7 in midday tropical sunlight. This has never failed me. Now and then I forget to reset the camera to 0, but don't we all?

Many of my fellow shooters enjoy endlessly debating the advantages and virtues of FX against DX. Now and then I smugly remind them that since 2009 I've provided almost all the color images for four high-quality books with a Nikon D90 and the two kit lenses. In my time I've also sold black-and-white stock images taken with a Retina i and an Agfa Optima. These weren't blown up to billboard size, but as one- and two-column inserts in books and magazines, these two very basic cameras delivered the goods.

The basic tip in the above is to never mind the name but just go and shoot with what you've got and learn to use it to its best.

Almost everyone I know (including me) shoots exclusively RAW - but every stock photo agency I've researched wants only JPEGs. Go figure.

I hope all this makes sense, especially the part about hyperfocal distance.

Many of you out there must have similar tips you use to simplify your technique and allow you to just get out and about and create images. This is your space to share them with us.
 
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OP
OP

Down Under

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Having now reread my previous post (after FOUR edits), if someone can please explain hyperfocal focusing distance in a more, uh, shall we say sensible? way than I have, then I'm sure everyone (including me) will be most grateful. Over to you, please.
 
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DonJ

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Maybe a photo would help?

00YWWL-345793584.jpg
 

Dan Pavel

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Just one remark.
On a digital camera the hyperfocal distance marked on older lenses can't be trusted 100%. When marking the hyperfocal the lens makers considered that the final photo will be enlarged to the most used size (usually postcard) and it should look tack-sharp in that format. A greater enlargement needs other markings. In the photo above, if a greater enlargement is needed then the lens should be set to f/22 and the distances should be read at f/16, f/11 or even f/8, depending on the intended final enlargement of the image. Translated in digital terms, the hyperfocal distance markings will depend on the resolution of the final image. If you have a 50mpx camera and want to make sharp 50mpx images using the hyperfocal focusing then trusting the markings on the lens won't give the desired result. The best practice is to test yourself what means sharp for you when using a certain lens/camera combination and make your own hyperfocal markings. For instance, when I use the hyperfocal focusing (which I like very much) with my 15mm Super-Wide Heliar on the 43mpx Sony A7RII I set the diaphragm at f/11 and set the hyperfocal distance as for between f/5.6 and f/8 = ~1.2 meters (the resulted image is sharp between 0.6m and infinity).
 
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StepheKoontz

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Shooting digital, while I shoot raw+jpeg, 99% of the time I just use the jpeg. I try to get things right in camera, just like I did shooting slide film. To me "keeping it simple" is not spending much if any time editing images on the computer. Once I start thinking "Well I can just fix this later in photoshop", it quickly goes downhill for me. It's probably why I have started shooting film again.
 

Jim Jones

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Dan Pavel gives good advice in post #4. For much more information on the use of DOF, google for Harold M Merklinger, who has written extensively on the subject.
 

DWThomas

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As I recall, those depth of field charts make an assumption of a parameter identified as a "circle of confusion" and it certainly can be! That said, I believe the zone of "nearly focused" is shorter on the near side and longer on the far side of the exact focus distance. So I sometimes consciously try to set sharpest focus on some important item about 40% away from me in the range I'm trying to cover.

Is that simple? -- maybe not, but then I'm too simple to do simple well. :whistling:
 

Pioneer

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I use scale focusing frequently and am always running around with my Elmar 50 set at f/11 and infinity set at f/8.

But, if I do have time to focus (either I am not on the run or the subject is not) then I will frequently try to use the lens in its sweet spot, which seems to be 5.6 for my little Elmar.

There are times when I use faster apertures but it is not common, which I guess is somewhat obvious since one of my favorite lenses is the Elmar 50/3.5 on rangefinders, or the 50/2 on my K1000.

Since I do own a few fast lenses (the ZM Sonnar 50/1.5 is an example of a particularly favorite one) then I will often open them up.

However, most of the time I favor small and handy rather than large and fast, so I like f/8 and f/11.
 

jim10219

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If you really want to simplify focusing, just stop the lens down as far as you can, or are willing to accept the results of, and turn the focusing helix to being the furthest point into focus, then turn it back to bring the nearest point you want in focus, then move the focusing ring halfway between those two points. The relationship between the throw of the focusing ring and the focal distance is logarithmic (the closer the focal point, the more sensitive the focal ring). So while the ring is set halfway, it'll actually set your focal point about a third of the way into the photo, which is where you want to be for hyperfocal distance. And since you're already stopped down as far as you can tolerate, you'll get as much in focus as possible. No need to calculate or check lens markings. If it leaves the extremes out of focus, well hyperfocal wasn't going to work for you anyway.
 

Ko.Fe.

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My AF lenses have distance marks on them and allows manual focus without switching to MF.
Digital or film I'm using AV mode and checking shutter speed.
With film I'm using same film, same developer.

I also know how to use S16 and scale focusing, not sure what hyper-focal is. S16 allows me to be meterlless and scale focusing allows me to switch between zones where everything in focus.
Works as it is shown by Dan Pavel here. But instead of looking at DOF and distance scale I memorized it and using focus tab to move between in-focus zones. It works on film and digital. Just need right gear for it.
For me it is with Leica. Film and digital no difference at all. Same lenses and my digital Leica works better with S16 than camera exposure meter. But no only Leica needed for lens with DOF and distance scale and focus tab. RF lenses works on any mirror-less camera.
Yet, AF and AV also works.:smile:
 
OP
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Is that simple? -- maybe not, but then I'm too simple to do simple well. :whistling:

Ha! That's me - truer words never before spoken. DW, I'll use this line at home in future. If I survive, you will get a (silent) credit!

Shooting digital, while I shoot raw+jpeg, 99% of the time I just use the jpeg. I try to get things right in camera, just like I did shooting slide film. To me "keeping it simple" is not spending much if any time editing images on the computer. Once I start thinking "Well I can just fix this later in photoshop", it quickly goes downhill for me. It's probably why I have started shooting film again.

I had intended to mention this, but forgot, now you've beaten me to it! Good one. Less time on the computer means more quality time to do other (pleasant) things - walk, see friends, play with the cats, read, make inroads into my stock of good wines. Shooting RAW+JPEG is super good advice and I will follow it. Old dog learns new tick. Thanks!

The main problem I have with scanning film is the time I spend fixing up individual images before scanning them. My Plustek does only 35mm but insists on being spoon fed the images one by one, which eats up time in bucket lots. My Epson does 12 35mm at a time but doesn't quite make it to the quality results I get from my ageing 7600i. Being a scan-perfectionist doesn't help. Here again as this poster notes, the fix is to shoot less and better.

Film in many cases also produces more unique images than digital. Have many of you found this? Especially so with my Contax G1 and Zeiss lenses which have their own 'look'.
 

Billy Axeman

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I don't know if this qualifies as simple, but that was the intention anyway.

Besides film I also wanted to have a digital camera set up and ready for shooting B&W. My output is to screen so I opted for a 16Mp camera I had lying around.

Camera: Pentax K5-II, DSLR, APS-C, 16Mp
Lens: Pentax-M 20mm f/4.0 (30mm equivalent)
Hood: Heliopan on step-up ring
Program: Manual
Aperture: f/8
Metering: Green button (stop down)
Focus: Manual
Files: JPEG out only, Monochrome, all settings to neutral
Memory card: 16GB
Battery: grip for AA rechargeable batteries

I see this as a no fuss point-and-shoot with most settings in-camera for minimum post processing.
The lens is small so it can easily taken along in a backpack.
 

nmp

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Just one remark.
On a digital camera the hyperfocal distance marked on older lenses can't be trusted 100%. When marking the hyperfocal the lens makers considered that the final photo will be enlarged to the most used size (usually postcard) and it should look tack-sharp in that format. A greater enlargement needs other markings. In the photo above, if a greater enlargement is needed then the lens should be set to f/22 and the distances should be read at f/16, f/11 or even f/8, depending on the intended final enlargement of the image. Translated in digital terms, the hyperfocal distance markings will depend on the resolution of the final image. If you have a 50mpx camera and want to make sharp 50mpx images using the hyperfocal focusing then trusting the markings on the lens won't give the desired result. The best practice is to test yourself what means sharp for you when using a certain lens/camera combination and make your own hyperfocal markings. For instance, when I use the hyperfocal focusing (which I like very much) with my 15mm Super-Wide Heliar on the 43mpx Sony A7RII I set the diaphragm at f/11 and set the hyperfocal distance as for between f/5.6 and f/8 = ~1.2 meters (the resulted image is sharp between 0.6m and infinity).

Enlargement ratio is a part of the COC calculation, so is the viewing distance. The standard that is used to set the scale on the lenses as well as what is used in the DOF calculations is 10"x8" print viewed from 10" distance. If you double the enlargement, but view at the same distance, the COC will then be half and hyperfocal distance, which is inversely proportional to the COC, will be double, with everything else remaining the same. However, it is generally assumed that a bigger print will be viewed at a proportionally greater distance (unless you get closer to examine the details.) This will cancel each other in COC calculation so the effect on depth of field calculations will be nil.

https://www.photopills.com/calculators/coc

Ultimately what is important to realize is that the depth of field calculations are dependent on a number of assumptions which may or may not match one's particular circumstance.

:Niranjan.
 

Dan Pavel

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...it is generally assumed that a bigger print will be viewed at a proportionally greater distance (unless you get closer to examine the details.) This will cancel each other in COC calculation so the effect on depth of field calculations will be nil.
:Niranjan.
Sometime ago I read a study (sorry, I don't remember where) that states that if you look at an object having such a size that it can be held in hands (you can move the object closer to the eyes) the usual behavior is to look at it both from ~10" (the reading distance) and from a distance sufficient to see it entirely. If the object is larger then you tend to only look at it as a whole. It means that if an enlargement is less than, let's say, 60x40 cm then the sense of sharpness is still tributary, at least partially, to how it looks from the reading distance. I don't know if that's correct but its makes sense to me.
 
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jtk

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Some photographers, but few, are good writers. Oz writes gooder than most. Most make photos because they're bad writers...and they're bad writers because they can't see...
 

faberryman

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I usually actually focus the lens rather than rely on depth of field. It is really not much trouble and results in sharper images.
 
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Bill Burk

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I had some fun on a hike today. Not quite Ansel Adams' "Dogwood", but a nice Thimbleberry flower patch appeared at the side of our trail.

I shot using automated ES-II mode, for lack of holding a Zone System calibrated meter in my hands today.

And when I showed the shot to a scout, he setup the same composition with a digital camera and... I was proud that when I helped him translate the settings to his camera, it came out about right.

Otherwise he'd been shooting at some astronomical ISO and getting results. But I don't know the results he got. I think this one shot will be superior to his others because we dialed it down to "320" to match my TMY-2 with yellow filter.
 

CMoore

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Oddly to me, most digital shooters have little or no idea what hyperfocal focusing is - not so surprising,as most AF lenses made today don't have distance markings anyway,.
Is this true.?
It seems like a very odd thing to leave off a lens.
But i do not own a Digital SLR.....maybe they do it in a different way.?
 

jim10219

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I usually actually focus the lens rather than rely on depth of field. It is really not much trouble and results in sharper images.
Depth of field is mainly considered when you want multiple objects at different distances all in focus (or certain objects out of focus). If you're just concerned with one spot being in focus and don't care about the rest, then you typically don't worry about depth of field.
 

KN4SMF

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I think the news photogs of the 40's and 50's with their speed graphics had "simple" down pat. Leave the camera on a box camera style setting and point the camera in the general direction of the desired shot, and enlarge the desired portion of the big negative and send the print to the editor. Good enough for 75 line letterpress plate on newsprint. Not so many luxuries on a 35mm when your negative was the size of a postage stamp.
 

RalphLambrecht

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I thought of heading this post 'KISS'- until I checked the definitions online and went off that idea posthastepronto...

https://acronyms.thefreedictionary.com/KISS

What I mean by this is, what and how do you do it to keep your photography to its simplest? By "simple/r/st" I don't mean shooting on AutoEverything set at ISO 800 and letting your gear do your thinking for you, but the tips and tricks many of us have learned in our time as photographers, to keep things nicely simple and let us concentrate on the images.

Alas for me, I'm not known to be a simple thinker. So the above is the best I can do to explain the basic concept of what I'm getting at here. Now for some of my ideas.

I learned to use hyperfocal distance focusing early in my shooting life, in the 1960s. As a young student I loved to do landscape work with my Yashica D, but as a poor student I couldn't afford to waste film (yes, that ancient product, film) and I had to make the best of every exposure. Today's digiheads no longer have this problem, You might say it was an Eastman-era connundrum.

Oddly to me, most digital shooters have little or no idea what hyperfocal focusing is - not so surprising,as most AF lenses made today don't have distance markings anyway, most of my circa 2000 D series Nikon lenses do, but not so the later G lens series. All of which makes trying to explain all this to a young 2019 photographer about as easy as writing a manual to crank-start a Model A Ford and how that darn crank actually fired up the engine.

Easier to just say to them, if you own G series lenses then just trot off happily to the rest of this thread. But then by now you've read through all this anyway, haven't you? Ha!

Basically, it sums up like,if you are using an old(er) camera with distance markings either on the lens (most pre-1990s 35mm SLRs) or the focusing knob (my Rolleiflexes and Rolleicord), by setting the lens at say f/8, and then the distance on the lens/knob on infinity on one side on the f/8 mark and whatever distance falls on the f/8 mark on the other side, then everything between the two f/8 marks will be in reasonable if not entirely rock-sharp focus.

If close to engraving-ike definition is how you want your negatives or slides, then set your preferred distance (infinity or whatever) on the dead-center mark of the ens, and work from there. Follow the distance markings down to the f/8 or f/11 or f/16 mark and see what distance mark lies thereon. Everything will be in focus between the two marks, infinity and the other.

By now I've probably confused just about everyone. Go and Google "hyperfocal distance in photography definition" and some anonymous scribe will explain it to you far better than I have or ever will.

Somewhat easier to do are a few of my other trips/tricks.

Recently I wasted a little time pondering my photo technique(s) and worked out that I shoot about 80% of my images at f/5.6 and the last 20% at f/9. Between these two settings, I've lived happily for the past five decades. I can't remember when I last shot anything at f/1.4 or even f/2, so it's safe to say I could survive well with a collection of f/5.6 lenses. Not wildly exciting, but it's the end result that matters, isn't it?

For almost all my shooting, I keep my digital Nikons set on A (Aperture). In my film time I kept my Nikkormat ELs and my Contax G1 on fixed apertures (the aforesame f/5.6 and f/9 for the most part) and let the shutter speeds look out for themselves.

When I bought my first 35mm SLR in the '70s I consideed my needs and decided I wasn't a standard 50 type. I got a 28 (for newspaper shooting) and later added a 55 micro Nikkor (for product shots) and finally an 85 (for portraits and wedding work). I still use this combo.

Nowadays I do most shooting in digital with a 28 Nikon D prime. I'm not a one camera one lens guy 'tho the notion does appeal. Three lenses are enough optics for me to cart around. I also have an elderly battle-scarred Nikon 28-85 zoom lens from the first series so early 1990s I think, and this piece of ancient glass produces images fully 95% as good as my primes.

When I shoot with an 85, a 135 or a 180 lens, I adjust my exposure to -0.3 for bright everyday situations or -0.7 in midday tropical sunlight. This has never failed me. Now and then I forget to reset the camera to 0, but don't we all?

Many of my fellow shooters enjoy endlessly debating the advantages and virtues of FX against DX. Now and then I smugly remind them that since 2009 I've provided almost all the color images for four high-quality books with a Nikon D90 and the two kit lenses. In my time I've also sold black-and-white stock images taken with a Retina i and an Agfa Optima. These weren't blown up to billboard size, but as one- and two-column inserts in books and magazines, these two very basic cameras delivered the goods.

The basic tip in the above is to never mind the name but just go and shoot with what you've got and learn to use it to its best.

Almost everyone I know (including me) shoots exclusively RAW - but every stock photo agency I've researched wants only JPEGs. Go figure.

I hope all this makes sense, especially the part about hyperfocal distance.

Many of you out there must have similar tips you use to simplify your technique and allow you to just get out and about and create images. This is your space to share them with us.
like you, I'm a three-optics kinda guy. I limit myelf to take 'normal,1/2 normal and double normal on my trips and try to get the aperture around f/8. all I can say to hyperfocal distance is:
If a lens is focused at the hyperfocal distance, the depth of field starts at half the hyperfocal distance and
ends at infinity. But, if the lens is focused at infinity, the depth of field extends only from the hyperfocal distance to infinity.
It's pretty simple and effectivereally.
 

Theo Sulphate

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I think the news photogs of the 40's and 50's with their speed graphics had "simple" down pat. Leave the camera on a box camera style setting and point the camera in the general direction of the desired shot, and enlarge the desired portion of the big negative and send the print to the editor. Good enough for 75 line letterpress plate on newsprint. Not so many luxuries on a 35mm when your negative was the size of a postage stamp.

According to Wikipedia, WeeGee set his 4x5 Speed Graphic for "f/16 at 1/200 of a second, with flashbulbs and a set focus distance of ten feet."
 
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