Etablissements Graffe & Jougla, founded in 1884 by François Emile Graffe and Joseph Jougla, civil engineer, for the fabrication of dry gelatine plates after a purchased process. Trade mark As de Trèfle. In 1887 (?) effort to manufacture a flexible base, French patent 193.614, presented in 1890 and marketed subsequently. According to Coissac already at World Fair of 1889. Works at Perreux near Paris
In 1900 the company produced 45,000 plates a day, photographic paper and the photo camera Sinnox.
In 1907 colour film after the process by Ducos du Hauron
After Graffe’s death in 1900 Jougla continues with a new enterprise at Joinville-le-Pont.
Partnership Macaire & Durand, directed by Gustave M., engineer in chemistry, and Marie-Louise Blanc, widow Durand
Then: Association Française pour la Fabrication de Pellicules Vièrges Positives pour Cinématographes, Inc., founded June 10, 1909 at Carpentras, Provence
In since the beginnings chemist Charles Seghers
By April 11, 1911 fusion to Union Photographique Industrielle, Etablissements Lumière et Jougla réunis
Société de Photographie et d’Optique (S. P. O.)
Photographic films and ciné positive during WWII
Bought by Agfa, then Société Nouvelle As de Trèfle; 71, rue de Mauberge Paris Xe
Yves Chevaldonné : Nouvelles techniques et culture régionale: les premiers temps du cinéma dans le Vaucluse (1896–1914)
http://www.societech...0-v-2-sav-2.pdf
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