There is a legal loophole here, which lets the country that made the "last substantial transformation" be regarded as the country of origin.
See here: https://taxation-customs.ec.europa....origin-goods/non-preferential-rules-origin_en
This loophole allows luxury items manufactured in low cost countries to be imported into high cost countries where a small finishing process is carried out and marked as originating in the high cost country.
It is also the basis for classifying items that have components from two or more countries. For example, most large format lenses including those manufactured in Germany were mounted in Copal shutters that were made in Japan. For some lenses at least, it is possible that the cost of the cells is far less than the cost of the shutter. Yet, the lens is considered to be manufactured in Germany.
However, the November 2024 judgment in the Harley Davidson case regarding motorcycles "manufactured" in Thailand to avoid the punitive duties imposed on US manufactured motorcycles ruled that the origin of such items would be determined on the basis of the origin of the major portion of its parts.
See: https://www.cassidylevy.com/news/eu...case-on-last-substantial-transformation-test/
It would be interesting to see how luxury brands mark their goods in the coming years.
Kumar
What China is doing in Vietnam is trans-shipment, swapping or adding "Made in Vietnam" labels. That is actually illegal and Vietnam is taking steps to combat that practice. I also learned about something called "tariff engineering", where products are designed to take advantage of lower tariffs legally.
See this example: https://www.marketplace.org/story/2...a-shirt-has-a-tiny-pocket-near-your-waistline
Japanese products are made in other countries not only due to high labor costs in Japan, but also a shortage of skilled technical workers, which is directly related to the declining population. This was also the main reason for Toyo shutting down. While companies like Canon and Nikon do have highly automated processes, a large number of skilled workers are also required for assembly and testing. Like most developed countries, young Japanese don't want to work in assembly lines. A recent survey of Japanese elementary and middle school students showed that becoming a YouTuber or VTuber was more popular than becoming a doctor. The most popular profession was school teacher, which is some consolation. But becoming a carpenter, train driver or mechanic was way down the list.
Kumar
I was just now shopping online for used cameras, and I'm afraid the current uncertainty has affected my willingness to purchase anything from outside the US. In other words, the possibility of unexpected charges adding complexity and costs to an international purchase has killed any willingness I had to buy used cameras from Canada or Japan, regardless of whatever the reality may be.
Except that each batch if parts might come from different place! think of a CPU chip, Etched in Taiwan, but tested and packed in El Salvador, or Malaysia, or Canada or Singapore. the testing adds to the value and that CPU might be the most expensive part of the gizmo, which is built in Wales and put in case in India. Each Gizmo off the line may have a chip marked with a different countryPerhaps manufacturers should produce the equivalent of a genealogical tree or DNA report for their products. The manufacturing and supply chain engineers should already have that information.
That was the reason given decades ago for Rolei to start making Cameras in SingaporeThis population implosion is well on it's way to affecting the UK and EU as well. One wonders what will happen to, say, Leica and Zeiss when the have a hard time sourcing the electronics from Panasonic and Sony, and their lenses and mechanicals in Germany.
With a fertility rate of 2.1 being needed for a stable population, the numbers are not encouraging:
View attachment 399401
Except that each batch if parts might come from different place! think of a CPU chip, Etched in Taiwan, but tested and packed in El Salvador, or Malaysia, or Canada or Singapore. the testing adds to the value and that CPU might be the most expensive part of the gizmo, which is built in Wales and put in case in India. Each Gizmo off the line may have a chip marked with a different country
What's interesting is that much of Japanese products are made today in Vietnam, China and Thailand. If deals aren't made, Japan could start manufacturing more of their photo products at home again.
Over the weekend the latest word was the powers in the US were wanting to Tackle Honda, Not sure if it Is JUST the Cars they make here in Canada, or more aimed at Japanese produced products. The situation changes week by minute
BMW and Toyota have significant auto factories in the US. Not sure if Honda still does.
BMW and Toyota have significant auto factories in the US. Not sure if Honda still does.
The situation changes week by minute
This population implosion is well on it's way to affecting the UK and EU as well. One wonders what will happen to, say, Leica and Zeiss when the have a hard time sourcing the electronics from Panasonic and Sony, and their lenses and mechanicals in Germany.
With a fertility rate of 2.1 being needed for a stable population, the numbers are not encouraging:
View attachment 399401
BMW and Toyota have significant auto factories in the US. Not sure if Honda still does.
I was just now shopping online for used cameras, and I'm afraid the current uncertainty has affected my willingness to purchase anything from outside the US. In other words, the possibility of unexpected charges adding complexity and costs to an international purchase has killed any willingness I had to buy used cameras from Canada or Japan, regardless of whatever the reality may be.
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