assuming reality in a photograph is the problem not the manipulation
almost exactly to the point, although I would have not used the word "problem", rather just a fact about the world.
Once again, more is being demanded of (or loaded upon) photography than other media.
When questions are asked about whether a "manipulated" photograph is more or less "real" than one that isn't, at the same time the (false, misleading) assumption is being made that there is such a thing as an
unmanipulated photograph.
Ralph points out the manipulations that at a very basic level (framing) the photographer carries out, but the level of "manipulation" goes back much further in the process, to the very basis of photography itself (and it doesn't matter whether it's film or digital).
It's as if the interposition of a complicated manufacturing and chemical engineering process between the eye and the "reality" around us somehow allows penetration of a veil of perception - that a photograph can reveal at least more about things in themselves if not the things in themselves. But a few minutes considering the complexities reveals that this is almost absurd.
One other difficulty in these discussions is of course that the reality of objects and things in the world gets jumbled up with the reality of scenes and situations, and it's not always clear what people are debating, or whether two people arguing are actually addressing the same issues.
Does a photograph of a funeral in Gaza City (let's say I took it, not Hansen) reflect reality? If I crop it bizarrely and print it with so much contrast and solarised that it almost (but only almost) becomes abstract, does it still represent the place and people and objects that were there at the time - does it represent reality? Of course it does.
If I printed it "straight", does it
ditto? Of course it does.
If I print it either way, does it represent the political and personal complexities of the participants and the implications of the place and physical symbols represented ? Well, does it?