Full control: color correction with curves
There are many ways to achieve your goals in Photoshop.
Some are convenient but offer less control, while others require a bit more effort but offer more control.
Curves provides a control center that allows you to change the color of any part of the image, within certain limits.
You can use it to correct color casts or experiment with color effects, among other things.
Yesterday, I took this photo in RAW format with my Canon PowerShot G5 X in downtown Vienna.
The default settings in the Adobe Raw converter produce a pleasing image, but I notice a slight yellowish tint. I'd like to neutralize that in Photoshop.
I placed a measurement point on the car door and opened the Info palette. The car door is my reference point for neutral gray.
The Info palette shows Red = 119, Green = 112, Blue = 104 for this point.
If all values were equal, it would be neutral gray.
Red and green are dominating over blue, creating the yellowish tint.
I create a Curves adjustment layer and place the activated Midtone Eyedropper (we already know it from Levels) on the measurement point.
One click with the mouse, and the three color values are already close together (112/111/110).
The color cast is partially removed, but not completely.
For fine-tuning, I decide to adjust the green and blue channels to the red.
To do this, I use the On-Image Adjustment tool and position it on the measurement point.
While holding down the mouse button, I move the cursor up one notch until the green channel matches the red channel in the Info palette (112/112/110).
Alternatively, I can do this by clicking once in the image and using the arrow keys.
This bends the curve for the green channel slightly upward.
A second point left the midpoint is now visible on the curve, positioned slightly below the center of the histogram. This indicates that we are working on the midtones of the image.
I do the same with the curve for the blue channel, which needs a bit more adjustment.
You can see that the curve now curves more noticeably upward.
The measurement point on the car door now shows identical values for red, green, and blue at 112/112/112.
This sets this spot to neutral gray, eliminating the yellowish color cast in the image.
The RGB composite channel of the Curves adjustment layer, which shows all three color curves together, indicates the changes to the curves.
Red remains unchanged, while green and blue have been adjusted.
Using a layer mask, I could now apply this global adjustment only to specific parts of the image. For example, only to the car's body. Whatever I want.
The color-corrected photo on the right, the original on the left.