Are you sure the photographs themselves looked that way, or was it the printing technology used to make the books? I have some old Ansel Adams books and the reproductions are crappy to say the least. I'd check out the actual prints from back then, just to be sure.
Murray
I agree with Murray. The reproduction quality of a lot of these vintage books is pretty lousy by today standards and often does not resemble a real print. I've seen this difference for myself on several occasions.
Of you want your shots to look like the 60's or 70's use period gear, film and developers. Think vintage Nikon, Leica and Tri-X in D76 or similar.
Nikon:
Nikkor-H.C 2/50
Nikkor-S.C 1.4/50
Nikkor-H.C 1.8/85
Nikkor-P 2.5/105
Leica:
2.8/35 or 3.5/35 Summaron
2/35 Summicron (version 1 $$$)
Summicron 2/50 Collapsible
Summicron 2/50 Dual Range / Rigid
2.8/90 Elmarit
Leica gear was expensive and there was a lot of 'vintage' gear still in use.
Most fashion was shot with a Hasselblad (Chrome C lenses) or Rolleiflex.
Some people shot fashion with the Nikkor-H.C 1.8/85
Most photojournalists shot Nikon and or Leica. Also Rolleiflex, the occasional Hasselblad
and a few diehards still shot Speed Graphic.
Eugene Smith shot with anything that held film and could make a picture.
Tri-X has changed, but the character and grain is still very much the same.
Also try Adox 50 and 100 ART. These are the same as the original 1950's formulas.
Use hot lights or electronic flashguns. Most of these didn't tilt for bounce, so you just blasted everything straight on with hard light (although large bulbs produce a different look than our modern pin point guns). I'm not sure when someone decided to use an index card to bounce the flash off the ceiling. Some electronic flash guns were open faced and used a large bulb. I think actual flashbulbs fell out of favor at the end of the 1950's.
D76, D23, 777, Acufine, Rodinal
Diafine for pushing
Printing paper is a problem. I don't think there are any left that do not have brighteners.
Again try ADOX or some of the eastern European stuff with thick emulsions and tons of silver content.
Agfa papers had a real vintage look, even their variable contrast MCC classic, which I believe Adox is making again.
Use a good vintage enlarger lens and a period developer.