This is the first time I’ve heard that Europeans don’t consider printing a creative step in photography. (??) I also didn’t know there was an American way to print.
I actually have not ever heard that printing is somehow considered as a separate step in photography. Maybe there is some kind of culture in America where printers are noticed.
Burning and dodging take intense work. People want to become better photographers more easily than that. So they think changing cameras or lenses will do the trick. That's easy to do.
Burning & doding is only one way to alter the outcome. There are many many other ways. And that is the point; if you try to do "traditional" print and burning & doding isn't saving the photo, maybe try other ways (I listed few in first post).
As far as “trash negatives” Moriyama was hailed for printing his culls, even those trampled under foot. In art, it seems, anything goes.
This is exatcly what I'm thinking. I didn't list trampled negatives as one way to give negative new life? In my youth I shot some test film strip and took one shot of my sunglasses on top of book with wide aperture. I then processed the negative and just dried it with my hands, I cannot remember how but the negative was heavily scratched. It wasn't my plan to print the negatives at all but I decided to print that frame and it had really something special. The scratches suited the style so well.
One finnish photographer was shooting refugees in southeast Europe and shot the frames on polaroid. After developing the "print" he threw the negative part to his pocket with dust and everything in it. Sometimes dropped to ground to get local dirt into it. He used only the negatives, threw the original "print" to trash..