I had a press card as a photo-journalist working for my University newspaper which, at the time, published three times weekly during the academic year.
Unless you count a few free meals during late night sessions at the printers, there was absolutely no payment!
Lots of great experience though!
I owned a press card from an official photojurnalism professional association over 6 years. There have been two different associations. I decided to one of them. It cost me not to much per year.
But the basis was a declaration from a company with reputation (listed at the photojournalism association) that you are working in main job for them.
That was the case.I can't say for sure how the practice was with freelancers at that time. Some (let's better say most of them) owned also a press card. But then they jobbed day for day for reputated companys as freelancers so their companys made sure with official association to approve them a press card. But there have been also some freelancers without press card they got trobble to get it.
Officials came in contact over the years with more and more types of press card froms different (inofficial associations) So a practice came up to that the police for example proved some "press cards" with a stronger LOOK and denied entry to location.
After the massive upcomming of more and more press cards from freelancers who worked just some days a year (hobby journalists) officials aceped just "the blue cards" (colors changed every 2years).
I remember most situations were no need of a press card was given. But one was able to show it .
There have been allways the same guys who were asked over a while :" May I see your press card pls
I am sorry your entry is denied otherwise show me an official press card from a photojournalism association - what you have is No press card.....
Sometimes that guys had luck because younger police authoritys let them in (caused from their niced colored inofficial cards)
But Matt that all was during the 80th 90th today practice changed totaly. If you today own an official
PRESS CARD as an official fotojournalist (free lancer or employer of Washington Post) it is no guarantee to come in at any location. You need in 90% in addition press accreditation.
That means you are listed per name official for that day the event/conference/sport competition happens. With our last example Washington Post make clear the days before such event that you will come / WAshington Post is sending you as a representive.
Just in case Washington Post itself is wellcome

.....

!
AND that could mean (in case of troubble often seen) that you may work official one day on a simple sport event. You have an official press card (freelancer or employer) you are official accredited from your company by Name. They let you in...! Fine ....but the next day your bureau made a failure so you are just accredited for the first day - not the next day's

!
Then the same Person from the day before who is knowing you denied entry because you are not on his list for that day

! "I know you worked yeasterday here and I remember you well but for today your bureau has no accreditation your Name is not on my list I am sorry you have to clear this issue next I can't let you in" is a well known sentence."
"But here is my official press card" is the 2. best knowing sentence..." Your entry is denied! till clearence so a press card is in the second line today.
On the other hand it is depending. The local sports Club will perhaps let you in if you state "I will official report about your local match I am a photographer here is my press card (inofficial best colored phantasy press card). May you let me in without paying ?"
But there you may have to pay nothing in any case - and they let you in for less like all otheris also!
And (that is the last update) of course "bloggers" are invited to special events. They may have never seen a press card - official press associations would perhaps denied a press card for them (just bloggers no way) but if they are known and reputated they more and more got an accreditation for an event.
That sometimes means that official Journalists get no accreditation (the total numbers of accreditations is often limited by the way) but some bloggers without journalistic background but best
equipped with IPhone came in on the last rare place.
Last Seen at Paris Fashion Show!
The question if one should do a job without being payed is remaining ?
with regards