I'm trying to find a reference to Hyppolite Bayard inventing color photography, but came up empty. He did come up with a rival process to the daguerreotype (1839) which he claims to have invented prior (no independent confirmation that I know of). His process seems to be a direct positive variant of Fox Talbot's process. This article shows one of the original images (quite faint now)
http://arthistoryunstuffed.com/hipployte-bayard-1801-1887/ These claims for first photographic process should probably read 'first practical photograph' as the first photographs depending on definition were tars or resins hardened in camera over hours of exposure time. Wiki lists 12 min as a typical exposure time for Bayard's process. As best I can tell this was faster than Daguerreotype was in 1839, but slower than the process was just 3 years later in 1842 after being improved (adding bromine I think). Anyhow very interesting. I wonder if Bayard really was first.
The first single image color photograph (IE all colors recorded at the same time on the same plate) that I know of were produced by Levi Hill in the early 1850's (Hillotype, a daguerreotype variant). These were claimed to be frauds at the time, but modern investigations revealed that 1) Hill's process did produce colors, just not a full spectrum 2) Hill did add dye to enhance the effect, especially to reproduce greens 3) The process was exceedingly slow, and involved a lot of dangerous chemicals.