Apparently, 120 years of photographic research and education have been largely for the birds. The work of Hurter & Driffield, Loyd Jones, H. Condit, C. Nelson, Minor White, Fred Archer, Ansel Adams, Tom James, Richard Zakia, Phil Davis and many more seems to be unknown or ignored by most.
As long as we are talking about negative silver-gelatin photography, I'll stick to the old axiom:
ian
i wanted more options but 10 was the limit!
guestimate was one of my original choices
as well as " hey, i ordered a sandwich " but
i had to prune the tree
john
Two options that are and always have been common where exposures have had to be estimated are:
1. Clip test, either cut a few frames from a roll of film & process as per normal, or if LF process one sheet first.
2. Develop by inspection.
In addition you could use a developer like D76/ID-11 or Xtol and use 1+3 dilution, which gives a slight increase in film speed & drops the overall contrast. This is safer than under developing.
+1. No, +2. Exactly. I haven't missed an exposure in years. I no longer have any doubts about exposure. It's amazing how consistent one can be with a one degree spotmeter.