The date can't be 1844, since that's well before the invention of the RR.
1885 is far more likely, and is what I find in my books (27450 in 1884, 39465 in 1890).
A Rapid Euryskop Ser. VI No. 4 of about this age would be a 500mm (20") f:7.75; this fits nicely with a 66mm lens diameter. When only the rear half is used the node will be somewhere behind the lens, as with just about all converted lenses. So my guess is that your half lens will function as a 1000mm f:15.5. That makes determining the f-stop of your waterhouse stop very easy: Measure the diameter of the hole (in mm), and divide 1000 by that diameter.