A Skylight/1B filter is light pink in appearance (place it on a sheet of white paper) and in normal use can impart a slight pinkish tone. At higher elevations, this pinkish tone is effective in cutting through the blueness of haze, but generally it is not a wunderkind and won't be the right filter for all situations. With E6 films, some stronger versions of Skylight 1B, such as the filters made by B+W and Heliopan, are useful when shooting E6 film in bright sun in shaded areas, as a reasonable counterbalance to the strong blue cast typical of those films used in those specific conditions (including early morning in sun and evening approaching sundown). This isn't found with C41 films but the same principle of cutting through the blueness of haze applies, and thus the filter is equally useful.
A UV (0) filter is a very pale light brown and has no effect on eithe C41 or E6. It and clear "protection filters", are frequently left in place to afford some protection of the front element of the lens.
Any filter must be matched to the known optical quality of the lens you are using. That is to say, don't slap a $5 Chinese made filter on a $5,000 lens. Yes, a filter introduces some risk of flare and ghosting, but as for the perceived effect on sharpness -- not a chance, at all, with the quality of today's filter glass. Each and every one of my lenses wears a filter, and a few cost more than $600 a piece (the filter, not the lens).