Encouraged by your posts, I quickly designed a focusing ring in Autodesk Fusion and printed it with a Bambu Lab P1S using a white Bambu Lab TPU (compatible with their AMS). Unfortunately, the TPU I used turned out to be unsuitable for this application. It’s too smooth to provide any grip, and not elastic enough to mount onto the lens without disassembling it.
I also attempted to replicate the textured surface of the original rubber ring, but the details were too fine for the printer to reproduce (since TPU requires nozzles of 0.4 mm or larger).
With the materials and tools I currently have available, I’ll have to set this project aside for now.