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Troubleshooting My Flash?

I think you should play it safe and choose the 60 on the shutter speed dial instead of A when you are using flash.
 
Then likely the shutter would be synchronized correctly, but the flash still would need wobbling in its shoe to fire at all.

The XG-9 needs either a correctly dedicated flash or a non-dedicated flash.
 
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Which 550FD do you have? C/R for Canon/Ricoh? N for Nikon? M/P/O for Minolta/Pentax/Olympus. If you don't have the M/P/O it won't communicate with y'r XG-9 and won't set the shutter speed to 1/60. Just set the shutter speed to 1/60, set the mode selector to A2 for automatic non-TTL.

Get the manuals for camera and flash. Read the manuals.
 
I have encountered hot shoe contacts that were slightly recessed and did not contact the flash correctly. A light tarnish on the contacts will cause problems.
Take a pencil eraser and burnish the contacts on the camera and the flash, they look dull not bright.
 
With only two hot shoe connections(unless you count common)*
The flash does only two things.
1)fires the flash (center contact)
2)ready light contact. That's the small offset contact.

*common is the spring at the side of the hot shoe that touches the accessory shoe.
 
It is pretty obvious that the flash foot has more contacts than the flash shoe...Perhaps (pure guess) the foot supports newer same-brand TTL cameras, as well as older (XG9)....But gotta research this. Perhaps the flash is simply not truly compatible with the XG9.
 
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The Minolta Auto 320X is 100% compatible with the XG9 but I have used Nikon SB-15 on my XD-11 and used the 320X on my Nikon camera without problem.
 
Shutter sync speed.

Your shutter speed needs to be slower. Probably 1/60th.

Exactly. You need to use the proper sync speed for focal plane shutters. Probably 1/60 second based on the many Minoltas that I owned.
 

I found a 550FC with M/P/O in an ad on ebay, and the photo of the foot seems to match the foot of the OP flash unit.

http://www.ebay.com/itm/Vivitar-550...olta-Pentax-Olympus-with-Manual-/222013573159
 

The accessory contact next to the trigger contact can also set the shutter at synchro speed.
I even think in most cases this is its primary task.