The problem is that the hypothetical photographer you describe can't tell the difference between a good (street and maybe other genres) photo and an ordinary or even a bad one. Many--probably most--of the well-known street photographers shoot or have shot a ton of crappy pictures. But they can tell the difference and don't show or post those. For The Americans, Robert Frank shot 27,000 frames, printed maybe a thousand, and ended up putting 83 in the book.
Regarding street photography many photos which are popular on Flickr in this category are nothing special to me.
Photographer is huge credit word. Many of those who post photos on-line aren't. Many if not most of those who are even paid for their photos aren't either.
Weeding process you described is common among those who are trying to achieve something in photography. Would it be amateurs or paid photographers.
To me it is very hard to describe why some are famous and others not. I think it is not just quality pictures, but establishing right connections and been lucky.

