I'm a newcomer in LF.
I just got a Sinar F1. When I'm behind the camera, on my left I have a small
button with plus and minus who move when I make the focus. What is this and how it's work. Also, I have a scale with a needle at the rear end, on the support part to the rail. This scale show <<2 to 0>> and <<0 to 2>>. What is this part?
It's a very useful angle indicator for swings and tilts. I.e. you don't have to guess how much you should swing or tilt to achieve the best plane of focus in order to get everything sharp (which is the most common use for tilts and swings). Check the above linked manual at page 11 to see how it's done.
If you got the camera manual with your camera do read the whole book, as it's a very good introduction on how to use a LF camera in general and a Sinar in particular.