On my Pacemaker Speed Graphic (1948), the ground glass assembly fits with no difficulty. The film holder, however, fits very snug on mine, and requires a bit of force to get the sliders to start over the edge, but it does latch in place quite securely. A little bit of sandpaper to round off the edge of the 6x17 film holder would probably make it much easier to put on. The back is a pretty simple design, and the base plate can be easily removed.
I should mention, though, that my Shen Hao 6x17 back is so old it's actually an Art Panorama KT617. It's pretty much identical to the first gen. Shen Hao back.
I'd never tried the 6x17 back with my Speed Graphic (it needs some minor repairs right now). Doing some testing, it appears there's some falloff. I'm using the Ektar 127 f/4.7, but if I look through the lens wide open from the front of the camera, it's not the optics that's vignetting, it's the bellows.
My Chamonix, which works fine with the back, has a conical shape-- it's much wider at the film plane end than it is at the front standard. The Speed Graphic has a very small (if any) taper, so it's more likely to vignette a wide angle.
I know 6x17 looks gorgeous, but a 6x12 back might be more practical for a Speed Graphic.