Strictly speaking the typical enlarger has no aperture setting, the enlarging lens has. And, enlargers with dedicated lenses aside, the enlarging lens is seen as unit on its own. Anyway, a enlarging lens has an aperture and a means to set it. At the barrel of the lens. In your photo I see parts of an enlarging lens. One part seemingly still mounted in the enlarger. At a part located on the base board one can see white inscriptions. Here the aperture ring is located to set the aperture.