Role of Sodium thiosulfate in Farmer's reducer

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Alex Benjamin

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Found many answers to my questions regarding bleach in various Phototrio threads, except those regarding sodium thiosulfate.

I do understand the role of the potassium ferricyanide, of course, and also understand that the addition of potassium bromide makes the bleach a rehalogenating bleach, meaning I can re-develop the print.

What I'm not sure I understand is the role played by sodium thiosulfate in Farmer's reducer. What, exactly is its impact? Can I still re-develop if my solution contains both potassium bromide and sodium thiosulfate, or is that cancelled because of the sodium thiosulfate? Do I still need to fix the print afterwards?

I use this formula from the latest edition of The Darkroom Cookbook:

Capture d’écran, le 2025-09-15 à 17.49.00.png
 

revdoc

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Sodium thiosulfate is fixer.

The reducer does this:

Ferricyanide and potassium bromide convert silver to insoluble silver bromide.
Sodium thiosulfate forms complexes with silver bromide and effectively dissolves it, removing it from the emulsion.

The second step is just what fixer does with film and paper normally, and makes this process irreversible.

You shouldn't have to fix after reducing, but I guess a lot of people will, anyway.
 
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