That has to be something wong with the lens. I have the Rodagon 80mm f/4 and it is a **fine*"* performer, with no trace of "pincushion" distortion, at any aperture.
I would suspect that at some point, the lens was disassembled, probably for cleaning, and reassembled incorrectly, by leaving out an element spacing shim or using the wrong one, reversing (front to back) an element (possible, at times), or something similar.
Many Rodenstock lenses carry lifetime gurantees. Contact them.