It's not putting it in (or leaving it in) the fridge that causes condensation. ***
Condensation does usually occur when you put a sealed container with airspace into a fridge. The air inside the container will have some moisture in it, and the dew point may very well be above the temperature of the fridge. For example the dew point in New York today is 59 °F, 15 °C - well above the temperature of most fridges.
Moisture then condenses as the interior of the container cools, usually on the inside face of the container wall, and the conditions inside the container stabilise to 100% relative humidity (RH) at an even temperature. Moisture can then affect any surface within the container. Different materials have different affinities for moisture (they are in equilibrium at different vapour pressures, rather like water vapour moves around in snow pack, even though it is all well below freezing).
When the container is warmed up, it warms up from the outside of course. This causes the movement of condensation from the walls to the colder surfaces further in.
It is a good idea therefore to minimise the amount of air, and hence moisture, in the container, or to use silica gel etc.
Most of the time the above-mentioned effects are inconsequential because of the tiny amount of moisture involved, but this may not be the case in humid environments, especially when the film emulsion has been exposed to humid air and there is a significant amount of airspace within the container. Because we often kept part-full motion picture film cans in the fridge when I worked in SE Asia, I did some rudimentary tests and a theoretical analysis. Not surprisingly it showed that it was a good idea to wrap the black bag closely round the film - which is normal practice in any case.
Best,
Helen