From the filename I gather that's Howard Bond's exposure sheet? Interesting.
The middle section gives you exposure factor based on bellows extension past the infinity position. So if you have a 150mm lens and you need to focus 2.5 inches past the infinity position, you need to add one stop additional exposure. The focal length range in the chart seems designed mainly for shooting 8x10".
Then there's a table that's lined up with the bellows factor chart of standardized exposure times that says if the exposure on your meter says 2 sec at whatever aperture you're using, give 4 sec. (and don't forget about reciprocity on top of that). I don't think this table is so useful, because it suggests that you would adjust your aperture to use the "indicated" times in the table, rather than selecting the aperture for what it does to the image (i.e., DOF and diffraction).
Personally, I figure bellows exposure factor by estimating or measuring the magnification of the subject compared to the dimensions of the format, and then I have a table taped to the back of the camera to convert magnification factor to exposure factor. I like this method, because it works the same way with any lens, any format, and you don't need to measure anything on the camera.