OK. I found out myself:
The speed retardment unit is screwed to the base plate from the underside! See first picture below.
This ain't easy.. the spring on the shutter blade ring is tensioned agaist one of the screws holding the base plate to the housing, so a temporary peg had to be put in to hold the spring in place while putting the plate back into the housing. The peg was then, of course, preventing from entering the screw, so I had to put in a wedge between the very end of the spring and the housing wall to be able to remove the peg and finally enter the screw.
Well.. But what can a poor man do but to try (and try again) once he has taken everything apart?
I keep wondering what name Gauthier had for this shutter? Was it made specially for the Karat 3,5?