Old photo books and magazines are probably the best source of this information.
Kodak and Ansco were the big names in the US and Asia at the time. DuPont (or Defender early in the period) was important in the print and industrial markets. Haloid played a small part, mostly in industrial markets. There were also several other, smaller brands. Ansco (later GAF) was the result of the U.S. government's confiscation of Agfa properties in the U. S. during World War I. It continued to be owned and controlled by the government (though managed independently) until after World War II. Many of the products continued to have the same names and similar properties to their Agfa counterparts. Adox, Agfa, Gevaert, and (I think) Ilford were the European names (this list may be incomplete or incorrect).
I have a copy of the Photo Lab Index dating from the mid-forties. It lists films like Ansco Supreme, Ultra Speed Pan, Plenachrome, Superpan press; Kodak Commercial, Ortho-X, Super-XX, Panatomic-X, Portrait Panchromatic, Tri-X (not anything like its rebirth in the 50s), Super Panchro Press, Plus-X, Verichrome (the orthochromatic type), Infrared. Papers included Ansco Convira (contact), Cykon (contact), Indiatone, Brovia, Cykora; Defender Apex, Velour Black, Varigam (variable contrast); Kodak Azo, Athena (contact), Kodabromide, Opal, Platino, Resisto and Resisto Rapid (resin coated), Royal Bromide, Velox (contact). The principal color films were Ansco Color (a transparency film), Kodachrome (ASA 10 speed), and Ektachrome (ASA 8). Kodacolor came along in the late forties - and it was terrible. Kodachrome prints were available, made on a thick, white film material using the full Kodachrome process. Home users and professional labs could make prints on Ansco Color, which used a similar base. Most of the real quality work was done using dye transfer, carbon, or carbro processes, however.
In the mid to late fifties there was something of a revolution, and most of these products disappeared. Thin emulsion films were introduced, and improved versions of Kodak Plus-X, Tri-X, and Panatomic-X were introduced, along with Verichrome Pan and Royal Pan. Color emulsions improved, and there was a war between Anscochrome and Ektachrome for market share. Ansco offered an unheard of ASA 100 speed Anscochrome. Kodacolor improved to the point of respectability. Kodak also introduced the first Polycontrast and Polycontrast Rapid papers at this time. They were not as good as Varigam, but Kodak's marketing force gave them a significant share. Kodak also introduced Medalist, which became the routine graded paper for most users. Near the end of this period, DuPont retired from the consumer market, although it continued for a while in the motion picture and industrial areas. This period also marked the beginning of ready availability of the European films and papers in the U. S.
This has been a long and very incomplete summary, but I hope it helps. Look in a good (really good) library and you may be able to find more.
