Images exposed by a camera directly onto a piece of film, as in analogue photography, do not have continuous tones. The image they record is made up of the presence or absence of tiny random dots of what many people call "grain". Each type of film has a maximum possible resolution, and each frame has an actual resolution which is determined by the quality of the light of the scene, the exposure settings of the camera, and the way the film is processed.
The difference in results you will see between printing from a piece of film and a similarly sized inkjet print, is that the resolution of a piece of film can be as high as ~5,000 dpi whereas the highest end professional photo inkjet printers are nominally capable of ~1,400 dpi at max (meaning less in practice), and a normal printer like the ones that most people have is only capable of a maximum of ~600 dpi.
To get a similar result to a print made from a piece of 35mm film you would need a 600 dpi inkjet print that is ~ 8 x 12", and if your inkjet printer is only capable of 300dpi, as many are, you would need to make your inkjet print ~ 16 x 24" to match the quality of a 35mm frame. If you have a professional high resolution photo inkjet printer you could maybe get away with making your inkjet negative ~ 4 x 5" if you printed at the maximum resolution of 1,440 dpi
Of course the bigger you want to enlarge, the larger the inkjet negative you will need to make.
This is assuming you use sheets of clear plastic that are compatible with your inkjet printer, something that is not terribly difficult to obtain.