The lastest-version 50mm f/2.8 and f/4 Rodagons are identical optical designs. The aperture limitation in the f/4 is only there because the blades are set to stop at that point. Likely Rodenstock wanted to make an alternative to the f/2.8 against as little cost as possible.
The above concerns the latest version, the one where you can make the aperture continuous by sliding a small, raised lever on the side of the lens. I don't know about earlier versions (the one with the red line and rubberized aperture ring, and the even older version with the silver-black, bit-like pattern on the nose).