I see some Pentax lenses listed as "67", and some as "6x7". What is the difference, and can both be used, with an adaptor, on the Pentax 645 body?
Pentax 6x7 refers to the second generation lenses that came out c. 1970 when the Pentax 6x7 camera was newly minted (1969).
Asahi Pentax 6x7 Takumars preceded these lenses.
In 1989 the re-engineed Pentax 67 body came out and soon after in mid-1990, redesigned lenses to match: these are the SMC Pentax 67-designated lenses. There were a few changes to old Distagon lens designs, and upgraded engineering and cosmetics, with a few high-end and expensive lenses introduced, such as the sought-after SMC Pentax 67 75mm f2.8AL and the 400mm IF ED tele. There are quite a few members on pentaxforums.com who can speak highly of these particular lenses, but especially the SMC Pentax 67 series lenses generally. Their performance far exceeds the plain and ordinary of the early 6x7 and Takumar lenses.
An adaptor is required to use any of these lenses on teh 645 body, with the exception of the big tele lenses which mate to the external bayonet mount of the Pentax 67 cameras (that is to say there are two mounts: inner and outer, accommodating short, standard and tele to super-tele lenses).